It’s великолепная идея (velikolepnaya ideya)—”a great idea”—to learn Russian adjectives ahead of nouns and verbs. They can be used as a whole sentence when speaking, so once you have the most essential Russian adjectives down, you can start characterizing objects, people, and occasions right away. For advanced learners, Russian adjectives will make your speech richer, wittier, and more expressive.
Table of Contents
- Russian Grammar: Adjectives & How They Work
- Top 100 Russian Adjectives Every Language Learner Should Know
- Conclusion
1. Russian Grammar: Adjectives & How They Work
The declension of Russian adjectives might seem difficult at first, but after seeing some example sentences and getting deeper into the language as a whole, you’ll start to feel the logic and beauty of how everything is thought through.
Before you learn Russian adjectives themselves, you need to become familiar with some Russian grammar. The endings of Russian language adjectives change depending on the nouns that they describe. In order to change an adjective correctly, you need to know what case the noun is, its grammatical gender (for singular nouns), and if it’s singular or plural.
Usually, in a dictionary, Russian adjectives are given in the singular, nominative, masculine form. You’ll notice that adjectives in Russian have four different endings: -ый, -ий (not stressed), -ий (stressed), and -ой. Adjectives with –ый and -ий (not stressed) endings will change one way, and adjectives with -ий (stressed) and -ой endings will change another way.
Here’s a table to use so you can better see the changing form of Russian adjectives:
| Singular | Plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masculine | Neutral | Feminine | All genders | ||
| Nominative | -ый / -ий (not stressed)
-ой / -ий (stressed) |
-ое
-ее |
-ая
-яя |
-ые
-ие |
|
| Genitive | -ого
-его |
-ой | -ых
-их |
||
| Dative | -ому
-ему |
-ой
-ей |
-ым
-им |
||
| Accusative |
Animate Not animate |
As in Genitive
As in Nominative |
As in Nominative | -ую
-юю |
As in Genitive
As in Nominative |
| Instrumental | -ым
-им |
-ой
-ей |
-ыми
-ими |
||
| Prepositional | -ом
-ем |
-ой
-ей |
-ых
-их |
||
Russian adjectives exercises: Don’t memorize the endings themselves. If you don’t have an absolutely perfect memory, that would probably take a really long and boring time. :) The best way to learn the table is to make whole sentences for each adjective ending and memorize these sentences.
For example:
Мне нравятся русские девушки
Mne nravyatsya russkiye devushki
“I like Russian girls.”
In the above sentence, the noun девушки (devushki), meaning “girls,” is the plural, accusative case.
Я поеду в Южную Корею
Ya poyedu v Yuzhnuyu Koreyu
“I will go to South Korea.”
In the above sentence, the noun Корея (Koreya), meaning “Korea,” is the singular, accusative case, feminine gender.
Я не привык к острой еде
Ya ne privyk k ostroy yede
“I am not used to spicy food.”
In the above sentence, the noun еде (yede), meaning food,” is the singular, dative case, feminine gender.
In Russian grammar, adjectives can be full and short. Short adjectives are used only in the nominative case:
| Singular | Plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Masculine | Neutral | Feminine | All genders |
| No ending | -о | -а | -ы |
In terms of Russian word order, adjectives that are full usually stand before the noun:
Маленький котёнок мяукает
Malen’kiy kotyonok myaukayet
“A small kitten mews.”
Short adjectives are part of the predicate and stand after the noun:
Он стар
On star
“He is old.”
2. Top 100 Russian Adjectives Every Language Learner Should Know
For this Russian adjectives lesson, we’ve analyzed different lists of the most-used Russian words, took the adjectives from there, and have prepared a nice guide for you. All adjectives are grouped according to their meaning, and adjectives with opposite meanings follow each other.
Russian adjectives exercises: To learn Russian adjectives, make a sentence with each of them. Afterwards, you can check this sentence with our MyTeacher program for Russian-learners to get feedback from professional Russian teachers.
Let’s get started with our Russian adjectives list!
1- Describing Appearance, Sizes & Weight
Маленький (malen’kiy) — “small; little”
Маленькая игрушка (malen’kaya igrushka) — “a small toy”
Большой (bol’shoy) — “big”
Большой дом (bol’shoy dom) — “a big house”
Огромный (ogromnyy) — “huge”
Огромная комната (ogromnaya komnata) — “a huge room”
Высокий (vysokiy) — “tall; high”
Высокое дерево (vysokoye derevo) — “a tall tree”
Высокий балл (vysokiy ball) — “a high score”
Низкий (nizkiy) — “low; short”
Низкий стул (nizkiy stul) — “a low chair”
Новый (novyy) — “new”
Новый рюкзак (novyy ryukzak) — “a new backpack”
Полный (polnyy) — “full”
Полная чашка (polnaya chashka) — “a full cup”
Пустой (pustoy) — “empty”
Пустой кошелёк (pustoy koshelyok) — “an empty wallet”
Тяжёлый (tyazholyy) — “heavy”
Тяжёлая коробка (tyazhyolaya korobka) — “a heavy box”
Лёгкий (lyogkiy) — “light; easy”
This Russian adjective is used to talk about weight and levels of difficulty.
Лёгкая сумка (lyogkaya sumka) — “a light bag”
Лёгкий диктант (lyogkiy diktant) — “an easy dictation, quiz”
Длинный (dlinnyy) — “long”
Длинный провод (dlinnyy provod) — “a long cable”
Короткий (korotkiy) — “short”
Короткая юбка (korotkaya yubka) — “a short skirt”
Широкий (schirokiy) — “wide; broad”
Широкая дорога (schirokaya doroga) — “a wide road”
Узкий (uzkiy) — “narrow; tight”
Узкие джинсы (uzkiye dzhinsy) — “tight jeans”
Чистый (chistyy) — “clean”
Чистый пол (chistyy pol) — “a clean floor”
Грязный (gryaznyy) — “dirty”
Грязная одежда (gryaznaya odezhda) — “dirty clothes”
Грязные шутки (gryaznyye shutki) — “dirty jokes”
Тонкий (tonkiy) — “thin”
Тонкие колготки (tonkiye kolgotki) — “thin tights”
Тонкий юмор (tonkiy yumor) — “a witty humor”
2- Russian Adjectives to Describe a Person
Молодой (molodoy) — “young”
Молодой человек (molodoy chelovyek) — “a young man”
Старый (staryy) — “old”
Старый дед (staryy ded) — “an old granddad”
Сильный (sil’nyy) — “strong”
Сильный мужчина (sil’nyy muzhchina) — “a strong man”
Сильное желание (sil’noye zhelaniye) — “a strong desire”
Слабый (slabyy) — “weak”
Слабые руки (slabyye ruki) — “weak arms”
Страшный (strashnyy) — “scary”
Страшный сон (strashnyy son) — “a scary dream; nightmare”
Красивый (krasivyy) — “beautiful; handsome; pretty”
Красивая девушка (krasivaya devushka) — “a beautiful girl”
Прекрасный (prekrasnyy) — “splendid; fine; great”
Прекрасная погода (prekrasnaya pogoda) — “great weather”
Милый (milyy) — “cute; dear”
Милый ребенок (milyy rebyonok) — “a cute kid”
Худой (khudoy) — “skinny”
Худая девушка (khudaya devushka) — “a skinny girl”
Толстый (tolstyy) — “fat”
Толстый кот (tolstyy kot) — “a fat cat”
Богатый (bogatyy) — “rich”
Богатый сосед (bogatyy sosed) — “a rich neighbor”
Бедный (bednyy) — “poor”
Бедный официант (bednyy ofitsiant) — “a poor waiter”
Больной (bol’noy) — “ill; aching; hurting”
Больное горло (bol’noye gorlo) — “an aching throat”
Здоровый (zdorovyy) — “healthy”
Здоровая еда (zdorovaya yeda) — “healthy food”
Старший (starshiy) — “older; elder”
Старший брат (starshiy brat) — “an elder brother”
Младший (mladshiy) — “younger”
Младшая сестра (mladshaya sestra) — “a younger sister”
Детский (detskiy) — “kids’”
Детская спальня (detskaya spal’nya) — “kids’ bedroom”
Взрослый (vzroslyy) — “adult”
Взрослый человек (vzroslyy chelovek) — “an adult person”
3- Describing Personalities and Feelings
Добрый (dobryy) — “kind”
Добрый доктор (dobryy doktor) — “a kind doctor”
Злой (zloy) — “angry”
Злая собака (zlaya sobaka) — “an angry dog”
Верный (vernyy) — “loyal”
Верный друг (vernyy drug) — “a loyal friend”
Уверенный (uverennyy) — “confident”
Уверенный ответ (uverennyy otvet) — “a confident answer”
Серьёзный (ser’yoznyy) — “serious”
Серьёзный разговор (ser’yoznyy razgovor) — “a serious talk”
Счастливый (schastlivyy) — “happy”
Счастливая семья (shchastlivaya sem’ya) — “a happy family”
Опасный (opasnyy) — “dangerous”
Опасное приключение (opasnoye priklyucheniye) — “a dangerous adventure”
Весёлый (vesyolyy) — “funny”
Весёлый друг (vesyolyy drug) — “a funny friend”
Скучный (skuchnyy) — “boring”
Скучный урок (skuchnyy urok) — “a boring lesson”
For more adjectives for describing personality, check out our dictionary list.
4- Describing Colors
Белый (belyy) — “white”
Белый снег (belyy sneg) — “white snow”
Красный (krasnyy) — “red”
Красная кровь (krasnaya krov’) — “red blood”
Чёрный (chyornyy) — “black”
Чёрный костюм (chyornyy kostyum) — “a black suit”
Зелёный (zelyonyy) — “green”
Зелёная трава (zelyonaya trava) — “green grass”
Жёлтый (zhyoltyy) — “yellow”
Жёлтая футболка (zhyoltaya futbolka) — “a yellow T-shirt”
Синий (siniy) — “intense blue”
Синие глаза (siniye glaza) — “intense blue eyes”
Голубой (goluboy) — “light blue”
Голубое небо (goluboye nyebo) — “a light blue sky”
Серый (seryy) — “gray”
Серый волк (seryy volk) — “a gray wolf”
Тёмный (tyomnyy) — “dark”
Тёмный цвет (tyomnyy tsvet) — “a dark color”
Светлый (svetlyy) — “light; bright”
This Russian adjective is used to talk about the light, as well as colors.
Светлая комната (svetlaya komnata) — “a bright room”
5- Evaluating Things
Важный (vazhnyy) — “important”
Важный звонок (vazhnyy zvonok) — “an important call”
Хороший (khoroshiy) — “good”
Хорошая рубашка (khoroshaya rubashka) — “a good shirt”
Плохой (plokhoy) — “bad”
Плохой пловец (plokhoy plovets) — “a bad swimmer”
Любимый (lyubimyy) — “favorite”
Любимый цвет (lyubimyy tsvet) — “a favorite color”
Настоящий (nastoyashchiy) — “real; true”
Настоящая любовь (nastoyashchaya lyubov’) — “a real love”
Нужный (nuzhnyy) — “necessary”
Нужная вещь (nuzhnaya veshch’) — “a necessary/important thing”
Известный (izvestnyy) — “famous”
Известный актер (izvestnyy aktyor) — “a famous actor”
Знакомый (znakomyy) — “known; familiar”
Знакомая песня (znakomaya pesnya) — “familiar song”
Похожий (pokhozhiy) — “similar”
Похожая проблема (pokhozhaya problema) — “a similar problem”
Следующий (sleduyushchiy) — “the next”
Следующая книга (sleduyushchaya kniga) — “the next book”
Личный (Lichnyy) — “personal”
Личные вещи (Lichnyye veshchi) — “personal belongings”
Простой (prostoy) — “easy; simple”
This Russian adjective is used to talk about a level of difficulty.
Простое решение (prostoye resheniye) — “a simple solution”
Сложный (slozhnyy) — “difficult; complicated”
Сложная задача (slozhnaya zadacha) — “a difficult task”
Единственный (yedinstvennyy) — “the only”
Единственный ребёнок в семье (yedinstvennyy rebyonok v sem’ye) — “the only child in the family”
Последний (posledniy) — “the last; the latest”
Последняя песня (poslednyaya) — “the last/the latest song”
Лучший (luchshiy) — “the best”
Лучший учитель (luchshiy uchitel’) — “the best teacher”
Основной (osnovnoy) — “primary; first; basic”
Основная идея (osnovnaya ideya) — “the initial idea”
Главный (glavnyy) — “main; chief; head”
Главный бухгалтер (glavnyy bukhgalter) — “Chief accountant”
Бывший (byvshiy) — “ex-; last”
Бывшая девушка (byvshaya devushka) — “ex-girlfriend”
Особый (osobyy) — “special”
Особый день (osobyy den’) — “a special day”
Обычный (obychnyy) — “usual”
Обычный день (obychnyy den’) — “a usual day”
Поздний (posdniy) — “late”
Поздний ужин (posdniy uzhin) — “a late dinner”
Ранний (ranniy) — “early”
Ранний подъем (ranniy pod’yom) — “an early wakeup”
6- Describing Tastes and Temperatures
Острый (ostryy) — “spicy”
Острое мясо (ostroye myaso) — “a spicy meat”
Солёный (solyonyy) — “salty”
Солёный суп (solyonyy sup) — “salty soup”
Сладкий (sladkiy) — “sweet”
Сладкое яблоко (sladkoye yabloko) — “a sweet apple”
Кислый (kislyy) — “sour”
Кислый лимон (kislyy limon) — “a sour lemon”
Холодный (kholodnyy) — “cold”
Холодные руки (kholodnyye ruki) — “cold hands”
Тёплый (tyoplyy) — “warm”
Тёплый салат (tyoplyy salat) — “a warm salad”
Горячий (goryachiy) — “hot”
This Russian adjective is used to talk about this temperature in all cases, except for weather.
Горячая ванна (goryachaya vanna) — “a hot bath”
Жаркий (zharkiy) — “hot”
This one is used to talk about the weather or the temperature of the air.
Жаркая страна (zharkaya strana) — “a hot country”
Usually, Russians go to hot countries for their summer vacations.
Learn more about how to describe weather conditions with our list, and study up on Russian food with our Russian food vocabulary list.
7- Describing Places
Долгий (dolgiy) — “long”
Долгая поездка (dolgaya poyezdka) — “a long trip”
Быстрый (bystryy) — “fast; quick”
Быстрая уборка (bystraya uborka) — “a quick cleanup”
Медленный (medlennyy) — “slow”
Медленный бег (medlennyy beg) — “a slow run”
Глубокий (glubokiy) — “deep”
Глубокая река (glubokaya reka) — “a deep river”
Московский (moskovskiy) — “Moscow’s”
This adjective refers to something that belongs to Moscow, the capital of Russia.
Московский зоопарк (moskovskiy zoopark) — “a Moscow zoo”
Русский (russkiy) — “Russian”
Русская кухня (russkaya kukhnya) — “a Russian cuisine”
Российский (rossiyskiy) — “Russian Federation’s”
This is a more official word than Русский (russkiy), or “Russian.” It refers to something that belongs to the Russian Federation as a modern government.
Российское гражданство (rossiyskoye grazhdanstvo) — “Russian citizenship”
Военный (voyennyy) — “military”
Военный лагерь (voyennyy lagyer’) — “a military camp”
Местный (mestnyy) — “local”
Местные достопримечательности (mestnyye dostoprimechatel’nosti) — “local places of interest”
Рабочий (rabochiy) — “working”
Рабочий день (rabochiy den’) — “a working day”
8- Describing Shapes and Materials
Мягкий (myagkiy) — “soft”
Мягкая подушка (myagkaya podushka) — “a soft pillow”
Твёрдый (tvyordyy) — “hard; rigid; firm”
Твёрдое решение (tvyordoye resheniye) — “a firm decision”
Круглый (kruglyy) — “round”
Круглая монета (kruglaya monyeta) — “a round coin”
Квадратный (kvadratnyy) — “square”
Квадратный стол (kvadratnyy stol) — “a square table”
Гладкий (gladkiy) — “smooth”
Гладкая кожа (gladkaya kozha) — “smooth skin”
Золотой (zolotoy) — “golden; gold”
Золотая корона (zolotaya korona) — “a gold crown”
Золотая середина (zolotaya seredina) — “the golden mean,” literally “the golden middle”
Железный (zheleznyy) — “iron”
Железный трон (zheleznyy tron) — “an iron throne”
That’s right, the one from Game of Thrones. ;)
3. Conclusion
So, how many Russian adjectives did you manage to remember? Ten? Twenty? All 100 Russian adjectives?
Don’t worry if you suddenly can’t recall some Russian adjectives in your memory. There are two types of vocabulary: passive and active. Active vocabulary means that you can easily remember a word and use it, and passive vocabulary means that you can recognize it when you read or hear it. To move more words from your passive vocabulary to your active one, make sure to have more speaking practice! That’s the best way to learn Russian adjectives.
Want to practice Russian adjectives even more? Then also check out our list of the top 30 adjectives with pronunciation and examples, to repeat the most important Russian adjectives one more time. And here’s a nice video with the top 25 Russian adjectives to practice your listening skills.
And if you’re already a master jedi in Russian adjectives, we’ve prepared an audio blog with slang adjectives for you! Make sure to check out our article about Russian text slang, as well.
To practice using Russian adjectives, changing them according to grammar rules, and pronouncing them correctly, you can use RussianPod101’s MyTeacher program for Russian-learners. Native Russian teachers with an impressive teaching background will help you understand all the rules as quickly as possible and boost your language-learning progress. Just try it. ;-)
Top 10 Russian Movies on Netflix to Improve Your Russian!
The best way to learn any language is to immerse yourself in the culture of the target language. Such as reading in Russian, watching movies and TV shows in Russian, listening to Russian podcasts, chatting with Russian friends, and learning new words with Russian teachers. Russian series on Netflix will be a great step in creating this true Russian atmosphere for boosting the learning process.
Yes, you really can learn Russian on Netflix! And when it comes to Russian TV, Netflix is a gold mine.
So, what’s the best way to learn from Netflix Russia? Here are some tips on how to watch Russian Netflix for language-learning purposes:
First, don’t translate every single word. You’ll get tired and lose interest pretty fast. Instead, either translate the first episode or translate the first few minutes of every episode. Write down the translations in a notebook and look in there every time you hear a familiar word. Once you hear it ten or twenty times, you’ll naturally start to recognize the meaning!
To help you with that, RussianPod101.com has prepared a list of words and expressions that you’ll hear a lot in Russian movies on Netflix. You can write them down in your “show-notebook” as well. ;)
Without further ado, our list of some of the best Netflix Russian content for language-learners!
Table of Contents
- Фарца (Fartsa)—Fartsa, 2015
- Хождение по мукам (Khozhdeniye po mukam)— The Road to Calvary, 2017
- Спарта (Sparta)—Sparta, 2018
- Троцкий (Trotsky)—Trotsky, 2017
- Нюхач (Nyukhach)—The Sniffer, 2017
- Смешарики (Smeshariki)—Kikoriki, 2010
- Машины Сказки (Mashiny skazki)—Masha’s Tales, 2017
- Саранча (Sarancha)—Locust, 2014
- Метод (Method)—Method, 2015
- Мажор (Mazhor)—Silver Spoon, 2015
- Conclusion
1. Фарца (Fartsa)—Fartsa, 2015
Genre: Crime TV Show
This show is: Emotional; suspenseful
This is one of the best Russian shows on Netflix, and it tells a story about four Russian friends who grow up in the early ‘60s in Moscow. Kostya Germanov gambles away a huge sum of money that he needs to find and give to bandits. Three of his friends decide to help him, so he can get that money in time. As they become фарцовщик (fartsovshchik — see below), they start to make a lot of money and their life changes…
Interesting fact:
When it comes to Russian history, Netflix shows like this can be a great learning tool.
The movie title comes from a Russian slang term фарцовка (fartsovka) which is simply “fartsovka” in English. The Soviet Union was a closed country, so foreign goods were scarce and it was illegal to trade them. But scarcity makes things even more desirable, which is how фарцовка (fartsovka) appeared. A number of clever people started to acquire foreign goods from foreigners and sell them to Soviet people. They were called фарцовщик (fartsovschik).
The most popular goods were clothes, accessories, phonograph records and other sound storages, cosmetics, and books. Ownership of foreign goods gave prestige, which was the basic principle of the arisen subculture - стиляги (stilyagi). Cтиляги were the main buyers of foreign goods. There’s a great Russian musical about this subculture called Cтиляги (Stilyagi).
For language learners. This Russian Netflix show contains a handful of Soviet Union vocabulary and historic terms, so it will give you a great chance to dig into exciting Russian history. Though the show is about history, language is pretty easy and modern, so you’ll be able to find a lot of useful expressions.
The vocabulary.
- Гражданин (grazhdanin) — “Citizen” or “Mister” (in the Soviet Union)
- This was the common form of address to another person in the Soviet Union. гражданин (grazhdanin) was used outside to address an unknown person, while гражданин (grazhdanin) plus the person’s surname were used to officially address someone. The first phrase of the first episode is гражданин Рокотов (grazhdanin Rokotov), meaning “Mister Rokotov.” Find it and remember this word. You’ll hear it a lot in the series. By the way, “Miss” or “Mrs.” will be гражданка (grazhdanka).
- Поехали! (Poyekhali!) — “Let’s go!”
- This is a famous phrase that belongs to Yurii Gagarin, the first human to go to outer space. He said it right before the launch. This phrase became a symbol of a new era in the history of Russia.
- Спектакль окончен. Занавес. (Spektakl’ okonchen. Zanaves.) — “The show is over. The end.”
- Literally, занавес (zanaves) refers to a curtain on the scene in the theater. The curtain goes up at the beginning of the show and goes down at the end of the show. In this phrase, it’s used as a synonym of “the end.”
- Костыль (kostyl’) — “crutch”
- What is this word doing on the list? The thing is that some Russian names get turned into specific nicknames. For example, the name Константин (Konstantin), or the shorter version Костя (Kostya), is often turned into Костыль (kostyl’). You’ll hear this nickname throughout the show because he’s one of the main heroes. In the first episode, when the main hero gets off the train and meets his friends, he asks: А где Костыль? (A gde Kostyl’?) meaning “And where is Kostyl?” His friends joke: Сломался (Slomalsya) meaning “Broken.”
- Жить взахлёб (Zhit’ vzakhlyob) — “To live excitedly/effusively”
- This is a poetic expression that the main hero often quotes and tries to build his life off of. It essentially means “to seize the moment” or “to enjoy every moment of life.” If you’re a person who lives like that, then you can say about yourself: Я живу взахлёб (Ya zhivu vzakhlyob), which means “I live excitedly/effusively,” or Я люблю жить взахлёб (Ya lyublyu zhit’ vzakhlyob), which means “I love to live excitedly/effusively.”
- Твою ж мать! (Tvoyu zh mat’!) — “Darn it!”
- Literally, it means “Your mother!” and is the ending of a Russian obscene phrase. But as it’s used quite often in Russia, Твою ж мать! (Tvoyu zh mat’!) has lost its negative meaning and can now be translated as “Darn it!”
- Бегом! (Begom!) — “Run!”
- This word is used when people are late and need to hurry up.
- Давай! Давай! (Davay! Davay!) — “Go! Go! Go!”
- Literally, it means “Give! Give!” but it has another meaning depending on the context. By the way, there’s one more meaning of Давай! (Davay!) — “Let’s do it!”
- Счастливо! (Shchactlivo!) — “Goodbye!”
- This word comes from the noun счастье (shchast’ye), which means “happiness.” So literally it means “be happy,” and is used to say “goodbye.”
- Пошёл вон отсюда! (Poshyol von otsyuda!) — “Go away!”
- Russian people can use this expression when they’re really angry. Of course, people can also use it as a joke. Always mind the context and facial expression of the person saying it.
2. Хождение по мукам (Khozhdeniye po mukam)— The Road to Calvary, 2017
Genre: Political TV Show based on the book
This show is: Emotional; suspenseful
This Russian Netflix TV series covers the life of two sisters during political changes in 1914 through 1919. The old imperial Russia is dying, and the revolution is rising. The show is based on a book trilogy by the Russian classical author Alexey Tolstoy. The language is really literal and the dialogue is truly deep. If you enjoy solving language puzzles and trying to find the meaning underneath every phrase, this Russian Netflix series will become an exciting nut to crack. It’s best for advanced language learners or for those who want to immerse themselves in the great Russian Revolution.
The vocabulary.
- Да здравствует революция! (Da zdravstvuyet revolyutsiya!) — “Viva revolution”
- During revolution times, this was a popular phrase to cry out loud in the crowd.
- Хороших снов тебе (Khoroshikh snov tebe) — “Sweet dreams to you.”
- This is a really sweet phrase to say to a friend, or someone who is more than a friend. You can say it without тебе (tebe), or “to you” at the end, but this little word makes the phrase sound smarter and more intellectual. Use it. ;-)
- Я хочу выпить за вашу смелость (Ya khochu vypit’ za vashu smelost’) — “I want to have a drink for your bravery.”
- As you probably know, Russians rarely drink alcohol without making a toast. This is one of the ways to make a toast: Я хочу выпить за… (Ya khochu vypit’ za…), meaning “I want to have a drink for…” You can put pretty much anything after that: …ваше здоровье (…vashe zdorov’ye) meaning “…your health,” …мир во всем мире (…mir vo vsyom mire) meaning “…peace in the whole world,” …красоту женщин (…krasotu zhenshchin) meaning “…women’s beauty,” etc. Use your imagination. :-)
- Чем могу быть полезен? (Chem mogu byt’ polezen?) — “How can I be useful?”
- This is an old-fashioned phrase used when you’ve been called by someone you don’t know. You will often hear it during this show.
- Барышня (baryshnya) — “young lady”
- This is another old-fashioned way for older people to address a young lady. As there are many heroines in the show, you’ll hear this address pretty often.
- Слово хозяина – закон (Slovo khozyaina – zakon) — “The word of a host is a law.”
- This is a very interesting phrase, in that you can actually change the noun хозяин (khozyain) meaning “host” for начальника (nachal’nika) or “boss,” мужа (muzha) or “husband,” and Кати (Kati) or “Katya” (a girl’s name, though you can put any name here).
- Вы что себе позволяете? (Vy chto sebe pozvolyayete?) — “What do you think you are doing?” (What are you daring?)
- This is an old-fashioned phrase to ask someone who’s acting inappropriately.
- Это безобразие! (Eto bezobraziye!) — “It’s a disgrace!”
- Famous phrase to use in the Soviet Union to comment on anything that’s out of order or scandalous. Now it’s used very occasionally and mostly by people born in the Soviet Union.
- Это издевательство! (Eto izdevatel’stvo!) — “That’s an insult/mockery!”
- A nice way to comment on something when you feel that someone is intentionally doing something bad.
- Милости прошу (Milosti proshu) — “Welcome”
- An old-fashioned way to welcome someone. Though it’s old-fashioned, nowadays this expression is very popular. It’s used as a mocking or cool way to greet guests into a home.
3. Спарта (Sparta)—Sparta, 2018
Genre: Mystery; Thriller
This show is: Dark
In this Netflix Russian language series, a crime investigator starts to uncover the mysterious death of a young high school teacher. He finds out about a video game that all the kids in that school love to play. The more he knows about the game, the more he realizes that what happens in the game happens in real life as well… All dark fantasies become real.
This Russian Netflix series contains great vocabulary that modern teenagers use, making this one of the best Russian Netflix series for improving your informal communication skills.
The vocabulary.
- Самоубийство (samoubiystvo) — “suicide”
- As the story takes place around the suicide of a school teacher, you’ll hear this word quite often. It’s interesting to know that “murder” is убийство (ubiystvo), so cамоубийство (samoubiystvo) can literally be translated as “self-murder.”
- Не перебивай (Ne perebivay) — “Don’t interrupt.”
- You can tell this phrase to your friend who’s trying to say something while you’re still speaking.
- Да пошёл ты (Da poshyol ty!) — “F*ck you.” [Literally “You go away.”]
- This is a short version of the phrase with obscene words, which is why even without obscene lexic, it still sounds harsh.
- Да ладно, не парься! (Da ladno, ne par’sya!) — “It’s fine, don’t worry.”
- This phrase was popular when todays’ adults were teenagers. It’s still pretty commonly used between friends.
- Мне б твои проблемы (Mne b tvoi problemy) — “I’d love to have your problems.”
- This means that your problems are very small compared to mine, so I’d gladly switch them. This is a great and very common phrase, so don’t hesitate to use it in a friendly conversation.
- Чё смотрим? (Chyo smotrim?) — “Stop staring.” [Literally “Why are you looking?”]
- This is a rude question to ask, and it may result in a conflict.
- Британские учёные доказали, что… (Britanskiye uchyonyye dokazali, chto…) — “British scientists have proved…”
- You’ll hear this phrase several times during this series. It refers to the highly valued authority of British scientists. Kids in the series use it as a joke to “prove” random facts.
- А чё так? (A chyo tak?) — “Why?”
- This alternative of the question Почему? (Pochemu?) or “Why?” is used a lot in spoken language between friends. Try to use it in your next conversation.
- Тянуть кота за хвост (Tyanut’ kota za khvost) — “To pull a cat by his tail.”
- It means that something takes a longer time than it should.
- Это в прошлом (Eto v proshlom) — “It is in the past.”
- You can use this phrase to emphasize that even though you did something in the past, you’re not doing it now.
The story is about modern high school students, so they use a lot of slang words and abbreviations. We’ve prepared an awesome article on this topic for you.
4. Троцкий (Trotsky)—Trotsky, 2017
Genre: Political drama
This show is: Cerebral
This is a great Russian period drama Netflix currently has. Lev Trotskiy was a powerful political figure. It was he who influenced the minds of Russian people, headed the Russian Revolution, and destroyed the Russian Empire. This Russian Netflix series contains a lot of revolution-related words that would be exciting vocabulary to learn for advanced learners.
The vocabulary.
- Приятного вечера (Priyatnogo vechera) — “Have a nice evening.”
- This is a very polite phrase that you can use toward someone you respect.
- Пошёл вон! (Poshyol von!) — “Get out of here!”
- This phrase is used by people who have a different kind of authority, such as teachers or parents toward kids.
- Всего хорошего (Vsego khoroshego) — “I wish you well.”
- A very polite thing to say as an alternative to До свидания (Do svidaniya) meaning “Goodbye.”
- Есть! (Yest’!) — “Yes, sir!” and Так точно! (Tak tochno!) — “Yes, sir!”
- These replies to commands are used in Russian military forces.
- Вы свободны (Vy svobodny) — “You can go.” [Literally “You are free.”]
- Very official phrase used by people with authority.
- Позвольте представиться (Pozvol’te predsatvit’sya) — “Let me introduce myself.”
- Follow it with your name. It’s a nice and intelligent way to introduce yourself. It was mainly used in XIX-XX centuries by the aristocracy, so you’ll bring some noble manners into your speech by using it.
- Я знаю, кто вы (Ya znayu, ko vy) — “I know who you are.”
- This phrase is often used in series as a reply to someone’s introduction.
- Я никогда ни о чём не жалею (Ya nikogda ni o chyom ne zhaleyu) — “I never regret anything.”
- One of the phrases that the main hero likes to use.
- Строить новый мир (Stroit’ novyy mir) — “To build a new world.”
- You’ll hear this phrase many times in the series. Revolutionists built their propaganda around this idea.
- Управлять людьми можно единственно страхом (Upravlyat’ lyud’mi mozhno edinstvenno strakhom) — “You can rule people only by fear.”
- A famous phrase of Trotsky.
5. Нюхач (Nyukhach)—The Sniffer, 2017
Genre: Mystery; Thriller
This show is: Dark
A genius detective with a nasty character has a keen sense of smell. Just by smell, he can tell everything and even more about any person: what he ate, with whom did he sleep, if he has an alibi.
The vocabulary in this series is pretty simple, so it’s great for beginners. But do be warned it may have the most interesting vocabulary of the other Russian shows on Netflix… ;) You’ll see.
The vocabulary.
- Чёрт! (Chyort!) — “Darn it!”
- Literally, it means “Devil!” Often used as an interjection.
- Я вызову полицию (Ya vyzovu politsiyu) — “I’ll call the police.”
- In the context of this series, the phrase is used as a threat.
- Совершенно верно (Sovershenno verno) — “Absolutely right.”
- This phrase is often used by the main hero of the series.
- Посмотрим (Posmotrim) — “We’ll see.”
- It has the same meaning as the English phrase.
- Ладно (Ladno) — “Okay.”
- This is a nice and very Russian alternative to Окей (Okey) meaning “okay” and Хорошо (Khorosho) meaning “good.”
- Отпечатков нет (Otpechatkov net) — “There are no fingerprints.”
- All crimes that the main hero will come across are complicated, so this phrase will come up pretty often.
- Убитый (Ubityy) — “Murdered person”
- Well, this word will come up even more often.
- Убийца (Ubiytsa) — “Murderer”
- This one as well.
- Труп (Trup) — “Corpse”
- You’re going to get pretty interesting Russian words in your memory after watching this series, right? :)
- Да? (Da?) — “Yes?”
- In the series, the main hero uses this reply as an alternative to Алло (Allo) or “hello,” which is used to reply to phone calls. You can also start your phone call reply this way, as it’s very common in Russia.
6. Смешарики (Smeshariki)—Kikoriki, 2010
Genre: Kids’ cartoon
This show is: Funny
Cute animals live, get into adventures, and build friendships in this funny animation series.
The vocabulary is simple but very diverse, like most Netflix Russian programs for kids. This is one of the best Russian Netflix shows for beginner language learners, as they’ll find a great deal of useful words here.
The vocabulary.
- Ёжик (Yozhik) — “Yozhik”
- That’s the name of the hedgehog hero. It was made from the word Ёж (Yozh) meaning “hedgehog” by adding the suffix -ик (-ik) that usually shows that the thing referred to is small.
- Бараш (Barash) — “Barash”
- That’s the name of the ram hero. The name comes from the word Баран (Baran) that actually means “ram” or “sheep.”
- Нюша (Nyusha) — “Nyusha”
- That’s the name of the pig hero. It’s interesting to know that нюша (nyusha) is a cute way to refer to a “pig.”
- Что это у тебя? (Chto eto u tebya?) — “What’s that you have?”
- Не мешайте (Ne meshayte) — “Don’t distract (me).”
- A very often-used phrase to stop someone from interfering.
- Это как-то само собой получилось (Eto kak-to samo soboy poluchilos’) — “It happened by itself.”
- A nice way to remove guilt from yourself. :)
- Я чуть не умерла от страха! (Ya chut’ ne umerla ot strakha!) — “I’ve almost died from fright!”
- You can say this phrase after you’ve been suddenly very frightened by someone or something.
- Ёлки-иголки! (Yolki-igolki!) — “Fir tree needles!”
- Actually, the translation of this phrase isn’t that important. It’s an interjection which is used by some people, and can be translated as “Wow!”
- Спасайся, кто может! (Spasaysya, kto mozhet!) — “Save yourself, everyone who can!”
- The short version of this phrase is Спасайся! (Spasaysya!) meaning “Save yourself!” It’s used in the same situations as the English phrase.
- Какая прелесть! (Kakaya prelest’!) — “So cute!”
- You can say this phrase if a kid is gifting you with something cute that he made himself, or if you get an amazing and pretty gift. The phrase can also be cut to Прелесть! (Prelest’!)
- Чего нет, того нет (Chego net, togo net) — “What I don’t have, I don’t have,” or “What there isn’t, there isn’t.”
- This phrase gives an interesting emphasis on regret about something that you don’t have. For example, if someone asks you if you have a video camera, you can sadly shake your head and say Чего нет, того нет (Chego net, togo net).
7. Машины Сказки (Mashiny skazki)—Masha’s Tales, 2017
Genre: Kids’ cartoon
This show is: Funny
Another one of the best Russian Netflix TV shows for beginners, where the most famous Russian tales are interpreted and told by a cute little Russian girl.
The vocabulary that you learn from this series will help you to read Russian tales. Good for both beginners and advanced language learners.
The vocabulary.
- Голубчики мои (Golubchiki moi) — “My darlings”
- Usually, this address is used by grannies to their grandkids. It has a patronizing connotation.
- Жили были… (Zhili byli…) — “Once upon a time there lived…”
- The most common beginning of Russian tales.
- Заяц (Zayats) — “Hare”
- In Russian tales, he’s often named as Зайчик-попрыгайчик (Zaychik-poprygaychik), meaning “Hare the Jumper.”
- Медведь (Medved’) — “Bear”
- One of the most often-met characters in Russian tales.
- Волк (Volk) — “Wolf”
- Another one of the most often-met characters in Russian tales.
- Лиса (Lisa) — “Fox”
- Another one of the most often-met characters in Russian tales.
- Мышка-норушка (Myshka-norushka) — “Mouse the Burrow”
- A lot of Russian tales refer to a mouse hero by that name.
- Лягушка-квакушка (Lyagushka-kvakushka) — “Frog the Croaker”
- A lot of Russian tales refer to a frog hero by that name.
- Баба-яга (Baba-yaga) — “Baba Yaga”
- A famous fairytale character in Russia. Баба-яга (Baba-yaga) is an ugly old woman who has magical powers.
- Проще простого (Proshche prostogo) — “Easier than easy.”
- You can say this phrase when someone asks you to do a job for them, and you want to show that the job will be really easy for you—even if it’s really not. :)
8. Саранча (Sarancha)—Locust, 2014
Genre: Thriller; Drama
This show is: Steamy; romantic
This is an exciting thriller and Russian Netflix drama with intense love between a rich girl and a poor guy. The language is quite simple, and there are a lot of useful modern expressions for language learners—both beginners and advanced.
The vocabulary.
- Саранча (Sarancha) — “Locust”
- This is a metaphorical name of the series. But we won’t spoil why it’s named that way. :)
- Я ничего не слышу! (Ya nichego ne slyshu!) — “I don’t hear anything!”
- Use this phrase when you really don’t hear a word that another person is saying.
- Ладно, давай, пока (Ladno, davay, poka) — “Okay, well, bye.”
- You might wonder why the main heroine can’t just say Пока (Poka), or “Bye.” Well, won’t it be too simple and short? :) By the way, a lot of Russians use this expression, so make sure to remember it and use it at the end of a first conversation.
- Приятных снов (Priyatnykh snov) — “Sweet dreams.”
- A nice way to wish goodnight.
- Хватит на сегодня (Khvatit na segodnya) — “Enough for today.”
- This phrase can be used in many situations. For example, to send your employees home. :)
- За тебя! (Za tebya!) — “For you!”
- A really short and meaningful toast when nothing else comes into your mind.
- Иди ты! (Idi ty!) — “F*ck you.” [Literally: “Go away.”]
- Can be used when you have nothing witty to say in reply to an insult or a joke.
- Пока. Целую (Poka, Tseluyu) — “Bye. Kissing you.”
- It’s a nice way to say goodbye to someone. Though it may seem to be okay only for relationship goodbyes, in Russia it’s very popular between girlfriends and family members.
- Заткнись! (Zatknis’!) — “Shut up!”
- Use this rude phrase when somebody is really annoying.
- Не заводись (Ne zavodis’) — “Don’t start.”
- This is a popular phrase to calm down a wife or a girlfriend when she’s starting to shower you with negative emotions.
9. Метод (Method)—Method, 2015
Genre: Crime drama
This show is: Emotional; suspenseful
Do you like genius maniacs with perverted minds, and even more genius detectives? Then this Russian crime drama Netflix series would be a great addition for your Russian language study process. The language is pretty simple and modern, so the series will be good for beginners.
The vocabulary.
- Метод (Metod!) — “Method”
- The word means pretty much the same as in English.
- Чем занимаешься? (Chem zanimayesh’sya?) — “What are you up to? What are you doing right now?”
- This is a famous and really common question to start a casual conversation on the phone or via Messenger.
- Глянь! (Glyan’!) — “Have a look!”
- You probably know the alternative word for it: Смотри! (Smotri!) meaning “Look!” Глянь! (Glyan’!) sounds more common.
- Я не понимаю (Ya ne ponimayu) — “I don’t understand.”
- Pretty useful phrase even when you do understand. :)
- Маньяк (Man’yak!) — “A maniac”
- Well, you’ll get to know a lot of maniac heroes while watching this series. :) At least, now you know what they’re called in Russian. By the way, you can say: Ну ты маньяк! (Nu ty man’yak!) or “You’re a maniac!” when somebody is overdoing something (e.g. they learned a crazy amount of foreign words). How about you? How many Russian words have you already learned? 10? 100? What??? 1000??! Ну ты маньяк! (Nu ty man’yak!)
- Помогите! (Pomogite!) — “Help me!”
- This is a phrase you need to cry out loud in case you face a guy we talked about earlier, Маньяк (Man’yak!) or “A maniac.” And since we’re talking about maniacs…
- Ты меня не поймаешь (Ty menya ne poymayesh) — “You won’t catch me.”
- That’s the nickname of the first maniac in the series.
- Тело (Telo) — “A body.”
- In the context of the series, this word often means a dead body.
- Ничего страшного (Nichevo strashnovo) — “It’s fine.” [Literally “Nothing bad.”]
- You’ll hear this phrase a lot, both in the series and in real life in Russia. People say this phrase when somebody is apologizing to them.
- Внешность обманчива (Vneshnost’ obmanchiva) — “Looks can be deceiving.”
- This is a popular expression in Russia. Use it to characterize a person whose appearance doesn’t match his character.
10. Мажор (Mazhor)—Silver Spoon, 2015
Genre: Thriller; Drama
This show is: Exciting; suspenseful
A rich boy that had everything since birth seems not to understand what’s right and what’s wrong anymore. After one of his drunken adventures, his father gets so pissed that he cuts all his bank cards and makes him take a job as a simple investigation officer. A rich boy has to face a simple life with its ups and downs in order to become respected among his colleagues and find himself. His witty humor and positive life attitude seem to change the life of his colleagues for the better, as well.
There’s a lot of modern jargon in this Netflix Russian series, so if you’d like to learn some juicy Russian expressions to impress your Russian friends, this series is a great choice.
The vocabulary.
- Вали отсюда! (Vali otsyuda!) — “Be off with you!”
- The word валить (valit’), meaning “to go,” comes from a criminal slang word, so every usage of it has this spicy feeling of something illegal. A milder version of it that you’ll hear in one of the episodes is: Иди отсюда! (Idi otsyuda!) meaning “Go away.” Also, in this series, you’ll hear the phrase Валим! (Valim!), meaning “Time to go!” which is used when people have been doing something restricted and now it’s time to go.
- Вопросы остались? (Voprosy ostalis’?) — “Any questions left?”
- This question can be used by someone who has just given instructions.
- Погоны не жмут? (Pogony ne zhmut?) — “Shoulder boards are not tight?”
- Shoulder straps in Russia usually indicate a military rank. This phrase is used when a person with shoulder boards is overusing his power (and thus risking the loss of his shoulder straps).
- Пистолет (Pistolet) — “Gun; pistol”
- This word will be used often in the series. Make sure to memorize it.
- Мажор (Mazhor) — “Silver spoon”
- This is how Russians describe a person with a lot of money. In spoken language, they call someone this if they spend a lot of money on something that’s very expensive or exclusive. In that situation, you can say, with admiration on your face, Ну ты мажор! (Nu ty mazhor!) meaning “What a silver spoon you are!”
- Ты чего? (Ty chego?) — “Why are you behaving like that?”
- It’s a quick way to ask what’s going on with someone who’s behaving oddly or not like they usually do.
- Здравствуйте. А вы к кому? (Zdrastvuyte. A vy k komu?) — “Hello. Whom did you come for?”
- This phrase is often used by secretaries or employees of companies when they see an unknown visitor.
- Проставиться (Prostavit’sya) — “To buy drinks to celebrate.”
- This is an interesting Russian word that doesn’t have an exact translation in English. There’s a tradition that a person who’s celebrating something should buy a round of drinks for his friends or coworkers (depending on the event). That’s what Russians call Проставиться (Prostavit’sya), or “To buy drinks to celebrate.” That way, a Russian person kind of shares his good luck or happiness with others. If you want to know more such words, go ahead and check out our article with the top ten untranslatable Russian words.
- Не таких кололи (Ne takikh kololi) — “We’ve cracked tougher ones.”
- This phrase is used by policemen when they’re trying to get the truth from somebody who doesn’t want to tell it. You can use the word колоться (kolot’sya), meaning “to crack,” in a popular phrase used in spoken language: Колись давай (Kolis’ davay), or “Come on, tell me.” It’s used when a person is hiding some secret and you want to know it.
- Издеваешься? (Izdevayesh’sya?) — “Are you mocking me?”
- This phrase can be used when someone is proposing or talking about something irritating. Another way to say it, with the same meaning: Ты издеваешься, что ли? (Ty izdevayeshsya, chto li?).
11. Conclusion
Now you have a list with the most relevant Netflix Russian series for language learners. Choose one you like and start your new exciting step in your language-learning journey!
Have you already watched any of these Russian series on Netflix? What do you think about it? Let us know in the comments!
If you’ve watched one or several series and realized that you want to learn Russian more profoundly with professional tutors, check out our MyTeacher program for Russian learners. Our teachers are all native speakers with an impressive teaching background. They’ll make sure that you start talking in Russian very soon. ;-) And Russian series on Netflix will be a great help in the learning process.
RussianPod101.com also has several other practical learning tools for the aspiring Russian learner! Read more insightful blog posts like this one, study our free vocabulary lists, and chat with fellow students on our community forums!
Масленица: Celebrating Maslenitsa in Russia
Each year, Russians celebrate Масленица (Maslenitsa), or Maslenitsa’s Day, near the beginning of springtime. Today, due to the popularity of Christianity in Russia, this celebration is also referred to as Shrovetide and celebrated as a religious holiday.
In this article, you’ll learn about the Maslenitsa festival in Russia, from modern-day traditions to what “Maslenitsa” actually refers to. Let’s get started!
1. What is Maslenitsa?
Maslenitsa is an old Slavic holiday, and came to be long before Christianity. The Maslenitsa holiday symbolizes bidding farewell to the winter and welcoming the spring. Maslenitsa is also called “crepe week” because the main dish eaten during this time is crepes.
Nowadays, Maslenitsa is also considered a time of подготовка к Великому посту (padgatofka k Velikamu pastu), or “preparation for the Great Fast.”
Each day of Maslenitsa has its own name and meaning:
- Monday is called “Welcoming.”
- Tuesday is called “Merrymaking.”
- Wednesday is called “Sweet-Tooth Day.”
- Thursday is called “Wide Maslenitsa” (AKA “Revelry”).
- Friday is called “Mother-in-Law’s Eve.”
- Saturday is called “Sister-in-Law’s Gathering.”
- Sunday is called “Forgiveness Day.”
Keep reading to learn more about what takes place on each day of Maslenitsa!
2. When Does the Maslenitsa Festival Start?
The start date of Maslenitsa changes every year because it depends on the start date of Lent. For your convenience, here’s a list of this holiday’s start and end dates for the next ten years.
| Start Date | End Date | |
|---|---|---|
| 2020 | February 24 | March 1 |
| 2021 | March 8 | March 14 |
| 2022 | February 28 | March 6 |
| 2023 | February 20 | February 26 |
| 2024 | March 11 | March 17 |
| 2025 | February 24 | March 2 |
| 2026 | February 16 | February 22 |
| 2027 | March 8 | March 14 |
| 2028 | February 21 | February 27 |
| 2029 | February 12 | February 18 |
3. Maslenitsa Celebrations & Traditions
Traditionally, on the Monday of the Maslenitsa festival, Russian housewives began making crepes, the main Maslenitsa food. On Tuesday, young men invited young women for sleigh rides on the icy hills. Young men looked for brides, and young women looked for grooms. On Wednesday, the mother-in-law invited her son-in-law over for crepes, and on Friday, the son-in-law invited his mother-in-law over. On Thursday, various folk games and competitions began.
Nowadays, the traditions of celebrating Maslenitsa are preserved in many villages. The big cities organize different fairs, performances, competitions, and concerts. Russians enjoy playing the ancient Maslenitsa games, such as storming a snow fortress. On the last day of Maslenitsa, people burn a чучело Масленицы (chuchela Maslenitsy), or “Maslenitsa scarecrow,” which symbolizes bidding farewell to winter.
A very popular competition during Maslenitsa is climbing up a wet pole and taking the prize from the top. Climbing up is very difficult because the wet pole freezes and becomes very slippery. Doing this requires great strength and agility.
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→ Check out our Russian vocabulary lists on the Top 10 Ideas for a Date and Competition for words and phrases you may hear during the festival.
4. What’s in a Name?
Why do you think we call this holiday Maslenitsa?
The word Maslenitsa is believed to come from the word Масло (maslo), meaning “butter,” which is a favorite in eating crepes, the most popular of Maslenitsa recipes. Nowadays, crepes are fried in a skillet and served with various fillings: cottage cheese, meat, mushrooms, or condensed milk. Crepes on Maslenitsa are also eaten with honey, fruit preserves, and even caviar.
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→ To learn more about Russian sweets, listen to our dedicated lesson!
5. Must-Know Vocabulary for Maslenitsa
Ready to review some of the vocabulary words from this article? Here’s a list of the essential Russian vocabulary for Maslenitsa!
- Масло (maslo) — “butter”
- Масленица (Maslenitsa) — “Maslennitsa’s Day”
- катание на санках (kataniye na sankakh) — “sledding”
- массовое гуляние (massavaye gulyaniye) — “public celebration”
- Прощённое воскресение (Proshchyonnoye voskreseniye) — “Shrove Sunday”
- подготовка к Великому посту (padgatofka k Velikamu pastu) — “preparation for the Great Fast”
- фаршированный блин (farshirovannyy blin) — “farshirovanniye blini“
- чучело Масленицы (chuchela Maslenitsy) — “Maslenitsa scarecrow”
- Прощение (prashcheniye) — “forgiveness”
- семейный праздник (semeynyy praznik) — “family holiday”
- Православный (Pravaslavnyi) — “Orthodox”
- Блин (blin) — “thin pancake”
To hear the pronunciation of each word, and to read them alongside relevant images, be sure to check out our Russian Maslenitsa vocabulary list!
Final Thoughts
We hope you enjoyed learning about Maslenitsa in Russia with us! Do you have a celebration for the beginning of spring in your country? Tell us about it in the comments!
If you’re curious to learn more about Russian culture and holidays, check out the following pages on RussianPod101.com:
- Russian Culture
- Modern Russian Society
- Russian Etiquette: 7 Do’s and Don’ts in Russia
- International Women’s Day in Russia: Happy Women’s Day!
- Celebrate Teacher’s Day in Russia
Whatever your reasons for developing an interest in Russian culture or the language, RussianPod101.com is the best way to expand your knowledge and increase your skills. With tons of fun lessons for beginners, intermediate learners, and more advanced students, there’s something for everyone!
Create your free lifetime account today, and start learning Russian like never before.
Happy Maslenitsa! Enjoy some crepes for us. ;)
Russian Conjunctions List: Build Brilliant Russian Sentences
Compared to verbs, nouns, and adjectives, conjunctions in Russian don’t decline, agree, or conjugate. Yaaaay! Moreover, they’re very similar to those in English. Once you learn the top ten (well, the top twelve) conjunctions—if you’ve set your mind seriously—your Russian language skills will become undeniably better.
Ready to start learning the most basic conjunctions in Russian? Let’s get to our Russian conjunctions list!
Table of Contents
- What is a Russian Conjunction?
- Conjunctions to Correlate Similar Thoughts: И (I) — “And”
- Conjunctions to Express Opposition: Но (No) — “But”
- Conjunctions to Express Choice: Или (Ili) — “Or”
- Conjunctions to Express Condition: Если (Yesli) — “If”
- Conjunction for Comparison: Как (Kak) — “As”; “Like”
- Conjunctions to Express Similarity: Тоже (Tozhe) — “Also”; “Too”
- Conjunction to Express Purpose: Чтобы (Chtoby) — “So that”; “In order to”
- Conjunction to Express Cause: Потому что (Potomu chto) — “Because”
- Conjunctions to Express Consequence: Поэтому (Poetomu) — “So”; “That’s why”
- Conjunctions for Clarification: То есть (To yest’) — “In other words”; “So”
- Conjunction of Time: Когда (Kogda) — “When”
- Conjunction of Place: Где (Gde) — “Where”
- Conclusion
1. What is a Russian Conjunction?
Conjunctions connect words, phrases, and even sentences. That’s why knowing Russian grammar conjunctions will let you express more complicated thoughts and sound much more natural. In the Russian language, conjunctions don’t change and aren’t counted as a part of the sentence.
To warm up, check out our list of must-know adverbs and phrases for connecting thoughts in Russian, and listen to our audio lesson about the six most-used Russian conjunctions.
2. Conjunctions to Correlate Similar Thoughts: И (I) — “And”
1. И (I) — “And”
This is the most-used of all Russian language conjunctions. It can connect nouns, verbs, adjectives, parts of sentences, and even whole sentences.
Remember, if you connect similar words with и (i), you don’t need to put a comma. If you connect two sentences, then put a comma before и (i). Take a look at these examples:
- Я люблю петь и танцевать
Ya lyublyu pet’ i tantsevat’
“I love singing and dancing.” - Ешь суп и картошку
Yesh’ sup i kartoshku
“Eat soup and a potato.” - Она забыла дома кошелёк, и он заплатил за неё в кафе
Ona zabyla doma koshelyok, i on zaplatil za neyo v kafe
“She’d left her purse at home, and (so) he paid for her in the restaurant.”
2. Да (Da) — “And”
This is one of those Russian conjunction words that’s seldom used in speech. But you can come across it in fables and fairytales quite often:
- Ешь яблоки да груши
Yesh’ yabloki da grushi
“Eat apples and pears.” - Ты да я – хорошие друзья
Ty da ya – khoroshiye druz’ya
“You and I are good friends.”
Don’t use the last sentence with your friends though, as it’s more suitable to use when talking to kids.
3. Conjunctions to Express Opposition: Но (No) — “But”
1. но (nо) — “But”
This conjunction is used to express any opposition. You can oppose single words, phrases, and even sentences. Remember to put a comma before но (no) if it doesn’t stand at the beginning of the sentence:
- Она красивая, но глупая
Ona krasivaya, no glupaya
“She is beautiful but stupid.” - Он хотел поехать в путешествие, но заболел и остался дома
On khotel poyekhat’ v puteshestviye, no zabolel i ostalsya doma
“He wanted to travel, but caught a cold and stayed at home.” - Я был бы рад, но…
Ya byl by rad, no…
“I’d be glad to but…”
Leave a meaningful pause when using the last sentence to imply that an undeniable circumstance prevents you from doing something.
2. А (А) — “But”
This one gives a slight contrast in order to specify the description:
- Он не просто умный, а самый умный в классе
On ne prosto umnyy, a samyy umnyy v klasse
“He isn’t just smart, but the smartest one in the class.” - Я не Коля, a Толя
Ya ne Kolya, a Tolya
“I’m not Kolya, (but) I’m Tolya.” - Она не из Америки, а из Франции
Ona ne iz Ameriki, a iz Frantsii
“She is not from America, (but) she is from France.”
3. Однако (Odnako) — “But”
This is used mostly in written language as an alternative of но (no). It sounds smarter and more poetic:
- Они расстались, однако через год снова встретились и решили возобновить отношения
Oni rasstalis’, odnako cherez god snova vstretilis’ i reshili vozobnovit’ otnosheniya
“They broke up, but a year later they met again and decided to start their relationship again.” - Внутри ей было очень страшно, однако на лице не дрогнул ни мускул
Vnutri yey bylo ochen’ strashno, odnako na litse ne drognul ni muskul
“She was very frightened inside, but she didn’t show it.”
(Literally: “…but not even one muscle on her face did tremble” when translated.)
Interesting fact. In spoken language, there’s another meaning of oднако (odnako). When said by itself, it means “wow,” and expresses moderate amazement. To sound more natural, you can say Хммм, oднако ж (Khmm, odnako zh) which translates to “Well, wow.”
4. Зато (Zato) — “Instead”; “But”
This is used to specify that one thing has happened and that another thing has not, or that there isn’t one thing but there is another one. The conjunction emphasizes a thing that happened or is there:
- Она не очень красивая, зато добрая
Ona ne ochen’ krasivaya, zato dobraya
“She is not very beautiful, but (instead) she is kind.” - Он не поехал в Германию, зато поехал в Китай
On ne poyekhal v Germaniyu, zato poyekhal v Kitay
“He didn’t go to Germany, but (instead) he went to China.”
4. Conjunctions to Express Choice: Или (Ili) — “Or”
1. Или (Ili) — “Or”
This is the most basic conjunction to express choice in the Russian language. As with и (i), if you join similar words with или (ili) you don’t need to put a comma. If you connect two sentences, then put a comma before или (ili). Take a look at these examples:
- Ты хочешь пиццу или суши?
Ty khochesh’ pitsu ili sushi?
“Do you want pizza or sushi?” - Ты ещё учишься в школе или уже поступил в университет?
Ty eschyo uchish’sya v shkole ili uzhe postupil v universitet?
“Do you still study at school or have you already entered the university?” - Ты будешь покупать себе гитару, или друг одолжит тебе свою?
Ty budesh’ pokupat’ sebe gitaru, ili drug odolzhit tebe svoyu?
“Will you buy yourself a guitar or will your friend lend you his?”
2. Либо…, либо… (Libo…, libo…) — “Either… or…”
This is a popular conjunction both in speech and literature. Put a comma before the second либо (libo):
- Ты либо иди вперед, либо отойди в сторону
Ty libo idi vpered, libo oyoudi v storonu
“You either go, or move aside.” - Либо она извинится, либо я расскажу об этом её руководителю
Libo ona izvinitsya, libo ya rasskazhu ob etom yeyo rukovoditelyu
“She either apologizes or I will tell her boss about it.”
3. либо (libo) — “or”
This is a more poetic version of the conjunction above. You can find it in books or articles:
- За это её могут лишить зарплаты либо даже уволить
Za eto eyo mogut lishit’ zarplaty libo dazhe uvolit’
“For that, she may be left without a salary or even get fired.”
4. Или…, или… (Ili…, ili…) — “Either… or…”
This is the same as либо…, либо… (libo…, libo…), but it’s used relatively more often:
- Или тот, или другой вариант сработает
Ili tot, ili drugoy variant srabotayet
“Either this or that option will work.” - Он или сменит работу, или попросит о повышении зарплаты
On ili smenit rabotu, ili poprosit o povyshenii zarplaty
“He will either change his job or will ask for a salary raise.”
5. Conjunctions to Express Condition: Если (Yesli) — “If”
1. Если (Yesli) — “If”
This conjunction can be used when you need to state a condition. It divides a sentence into two parts: the part with a condition and the part that describes what happens if the condition occurs. The “if” part can be placed either in the first or second part of the sentence:
- Если ты не будешь заниматься спортом, у тебя будет плохое здоровье
Esli ty ne budesh’ zanimat’sya sportom, u tebya budet plokhoye zdorovye
“If you don’t do physical exercises, you’ll have bad health.” - Ты заболеешь, если не оденешься теплее
Ty zaboleyesh’, esli ne odenesh’sya tepleye
“You’ll catch a cold if you don’t wear warmer clothes.” - Она пойдёт в кафе, если ей будет лень готовить
Ona poydyot v kafe, esli ey budet len’ gotovit’
“She’ll go to the restaurant if she is too lazy to cook.”
Listen to the audio lesson that we made for you to practice using this conjunction.
2. Если…, то… (Esli…, to…) — “If… then”
This is another way to set a condition. As it’s longer, it’s less used in spoken language than just если (esli).
- Если она родит сына, то назовёт его Дмитрием
Esli ona rodit syna, to nazovyot ego Dmitriyem
“If she gives birth to a boy, then she’ll call him Dmitriy.” - Если он узнает об этом, у неё будут проблемы
Esli on uznayet ob etom, u neyo budut problemy
“If he gets to know about it, then she’ll have problems.”
3. Если бы…, …бы… (Esli by…, …by…) — “If…”
This conjunction helps to show what would have happened (or could happen) if some event occurred:
- Если бы ты приехал завтра, я была бы счастлива
Esli by ty priekhal zavtra, ya byla by schastliva
“If you could come tomorrow, I would be so happy.” - Если бы она не позвонила ему, он бы уже был в Корее
Esli by ona ne pozvonila emu, on by uzhe byl v Koreye
“If she hadn’t called him, he’d have been in Korea by now.”
4. Если бы только… (Esli by tol’ko…) — “If only…”
This is used to express regrets about an event that didn’t happen.
- Если бы только он приехал на час раньше…
Esli by tol’ko on priyekhal na chas ran’she…
“If only he came one hour earlier…” - Если бы только она не забыла купить торт…
Esli by tol’ko ona ne zabyla kupit’ tort…
“If only she hadn’t forgotten to buy a cake…”
6. Conjunction for Comparison: Как (Kak) — “As”; “Like”
This conjunction is used to compare things. There’s a punctuation rule that set expressions with как (kak) are written without a comma, while other comparisons with как (kak) are written without it:
- Он красный как помидор
On krasnyy kak pomidor
“He is red like a tomato.”
This expression is used when someone gets very red.
- Ты ведешь себя как девочка
Ty vedesh’ sebya kak devochka
“You behave like a girl.”
This expression is used toward a boy who behaves moodily or cries.
- Её волосы, как огонь, горели при солнечном свете
Yeyo volosy, kak ogon’, goreli pri solnechnom svete
“His hair looked like a fire in the sunlight.”
7. Conjunctions to Express Similarity: Тоже (Tozhe) — “Also”; “Too”
1. Тоже (Tozhe) — “Also”; “Too”
So, this conjunction is perfect for saying “me too” and things like that:
- Я тоже это хочу
Ya tozhe eto khochu
“I also want this.” - Петя умный. Коля тоже неглупый
Petya umnyy. Kolya tozhe ne glupyy
“Petya is clever. Kolya is also not stupid.” - Они тоже решили купить себе такую же микроволновку
Oni tozhe reshili kupit’ sebe takuyu zhe mikrovolnovku
“They also decided to buy themselves the same microwave.” - Я тоже
Ya tozhe
“Me too.”
You need to be careful not to mix the conjunction тоже (tozhe) and pronouns with the particle то же (to zhe). Listen to our audio lesson about the particle.
2. Также (Takzhe) — “Also”
This is an alternative for тоже (tozhe). It’s used most often in written language:
- Будьте готовы к тому, что вам также не выдадут визу
Bud’te gotovy k tomu, chto vam takzhe ne vydadut vizu
“Be ready that you also won’t get a visa.” - Помимо дивана они также решили приобрести кресло
Pomimo divana oni takzhe reshili priobresti kreslo
“Besides a sofa, they’ve also decided to buy an armchair.”
8. Conjunction to Express Purpose: Чтобы (Chtoby) — “So that”; “In order to”
This conjunction is the most-used conjunction to express purpose, both in spoken language and in written speech:
- Чтобы выздороветь, она купила лекарство
Chtoby vyzdorovet’, ona kupila lekarstvo
“In order to recover, she bought a medicine.” - Она начала вести трекер привычек, чтобы научиться вставать и ложиться в одно и тоже время каждый день
Ona nachala vesti treker privychek, chtoby nauchit’sya vstavat’ I lozhit’sya v odno I to zhe vremya kazhdyy den’
“She started a habit tracker to start going to bed and waking up at the same time every day.” - А что бы ты сделал, чтобы такого больше не произошло?
A сhto by ty sdelal, chtoby takogo bol’she ne proizoshlo?
“What will you do so that it doesn’t happen again?”
Listen to our audio lesson about the conjunction чтобы (chtoby) for additional information.
9. Conjunction to Express Cause: Потому что (Potomu chto) — “Because”
Do you like to explain yourself, or do you prefer for others to guess why you did this or that? In any case, the conjunction потому что (potomu chto) will come in handy if you’re late for work and your Russian boss asks you why you’re late. :-) Usually, the part of the sentence containing this conjunction is at the end.
- Он опоздал, потому что попал в пробку
On opozdal, potomu chto popal v probku
“He was late because he got stuck in a traffic jam.” - Потому что я не хочу!
Potomu chto ya ne khochu!
“Because I don’t want to!” - Она начала учить русский язык, потому что захотела переехать жить в Россию
Ona nachala uchit’ russkiy yazyk, potomu chto reshila pereyekhat’ zhit’ v Rossiyu
“She’s started to learn Russian because she’s decided to move to Russia.”
Listen to our dialogue to learn more about conjunctions of cause. Make sure to listen to a review about the conjunctions of cause as well.
10. Conjunctions to Express Consequence: Поэтому (Poetomu) — “So”; “That’s why”
If you love to build heavy logical sentences, this conjunction is just for you. Set the statement in the first part of the sentence, add поэтому (poetomu) which means “so,” or “that’s why,” and tell what statement comes out of the first statement. Voila! A perfect sentence is ready.
In spoken language, this conjunction can be transformed into и поэтому (i poetomu), meaning “and so,” or “and that’s why,” to sound more smooth.
- Он был сыт, поэтому отказался от десерта
On byl syt, poetomu otkazalsya ot deserta
“He was full, and that’s why he refused the dessert.” - Она не сделала домашнее задание, и поэтому получила двойку
Ona ne sdelala domashneye zadaniye, I poetomu poluchila dvoyku
“She didn’t do her homework, and that’s why she got a D.” - Солнце встает там, поэтому мы пришли с той стороны
Solntse vstayot tam, poetomu my prishli s toy stotony
“The sun rises there, so we came from that way.”
11. Conjunctions for Clarification: То есть (To yest’) — “In other words”; “So”
1. То есть (To yest’) — “In other words”; “So”
If you want to clarify something, you can express the same information in different words. That’s a nice way to practice your vocabulary. Let’s look at some examples of how to use the conjunction то есть (to yest’):
- Это она сделала всю работу, то есть я даже ей не помогал
Eto ona sdelala vsyu rabotu, to yest’ ya dazhe ey ne pomogal
“She did this work all along, in other words, I haven’t even helped her.” - Он купил себе новый компьютер. То есть, как понимаешь, денег мы снова не увидим
On kupil sebe novyy kompyuter. To yest’, kak ponimayesh’, deneg my snova ne uvidim
“He bought himself a new computer. So, as you understand, we won’t see our money again.” - Она заболела. То есть проект мы должны заканчивать самостоятельно
Ona zabolela. To yest’ proekt my dolzhny zakanchivat’ samostoyatel’no
“She caught a cold. So, we’ll have to finish the project by ourselves.”
2. А именно (A imenno) — “Namely”; “What/who exactly”
This is another conjunction to specify details. Use it to ask for a specified answer:
- А именно кто это сделал?
A imenno kto eto sdelal?
“Who exactly did this?” - Что-то мне не нравится этот дизайн
Chto-to mne ne nravitsya etot disayn
“Hmm, seems like I don’t like this design.” - А именно что не нравится?
A imenno chto ne nravitsya?
“What exactly don’t you like?” - Мне не нравится вкус этого блюда, а именно мяса
Mne ne nravitsya vkus etogo blyuda, a imenno myasa
“I don’t like the taste of this dish, namely the meat.”
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12. Conjunction of Time: Когда (Kogda) — “When”
As in English, the word когда (kogda), meaning “when,” can be both a conjunction and question word. Use it when you need to specify that some action happened right after another one:
- Когда я вернулся с работы, я сразу лёг спать
Kogda ya vernulsya s raboty, ya srazu lyog spat’
“When I returned from work, I immediately fell asleep.” - Я не люблю, когда меня перебивают
Ya ne lyublyu, kogda menya perebivayut
“I don’t like when I’m being interrupted (to be interrupted).” - Она ещё не решила, когда поедет в отпуск
Ona eschyo ne reshila, kogda poyedet v otpusk
“She hasn’t decided yet when she’ll take a vacation.”
13. Conjunction of Place: Где (Gde) — “Where”
As in English, the word где (gde), meaning “where,” can be both a conjunction and question word. Use it when you need to specify the place where an action is taking place (or has taken place):
- Она приехала в город, где еще никогда не была
Ona priyekhala v gorod, gde eschyo nikogda ne byla
“She arrived in the city where she had never been before.” - Я сижу в том кафе, где мы встречались летом
Ya sizhu v tom kafe, gde my vstrechalis’ letom
“I’m sitting in that café where we met in summer.” - В сумке, где должен был находиться ключ, его не оказалось
V sumke, gde dolzhen byl nakhodit’sya klyuch, ego ne okazalos’
“There was no key in the pouch where it should have been.”
14. Conclusion
So, you’ve learned the most-used Russian conjunctions. You can look through the titles once again to refresh the words in your memory. Of course, the list of Russian conjunctions is not limited to the ones shown in our article. But you need to feel confident using the most common conjunctions to start feeling the difference with their alternatives.
Also, keep in mind that in modern texting, some of the conjunctions might be shortened. Check out our article about Russian internet slang to find out more about it.
If you feel that you need some practice with what you’ve just learned, but you don’t have quite enough motivation to make the most out of your studies, consider taking some lessons with our professional Russian tutors who can help, control, and catalyze your language-learning progress.
Before you go, let us know in the comments what you thought of our Russian conjunctions list! Do you feel more confident now, or is there still something you’re struggling to understand? We look forward to hearing from you!
Smile and keep learning Russian with RussianPod101. ;-)
Russian Etiquette: 7 Do’s and Don’ts in Russia
Did you know that it’s considered good etiquette in Russia to bring something к чаю (k chayu) or “for the tea?” That means something sweet: cake, chocolate, candies, or a sweet pastry. There are many interesting and exciting Russian customs which may not seem obvious, but definitely are to native Russians. Knowing even basic Russian etiquette for tourists can go a long way during your visit to the country!
Let’s start this exciting journey. Learn Russian etiquette with RussianPod101.com’s Russian tourist etiquette guide!
Table of Contents
- Do’s and Don’ts in Russia #1: Basic Russian Etiquette
- Do’s and Don’ts in Russia #2: Russian Dining Etiquette
- Do’s and Don’ts in Russia #3: Russian Drinking Etiquette
- Do’s and Don’ts in Russia #4: What to Expect from a Date with a Russian Girl or Russian Guy
- Do’s and Don’ts in Russia #5: So, You’re Going to Visit a Russian House
- Do’s and Don’ts in Russia #6: How Russians Behave in a Public Transport
- Do’s and Don’ts in Russia #7: Russian Business Etiquette Tips
- Do’s and Don’ts in Russia #8: Russian Gift Giving Etiquette
- Conclusion: How RussianPod101 Can Help You Learn Russian Better
1. Do’s and Don’ts in Russia #1: Basic Russian Etiquette
1- Russian Greeting Etiquette
1. Cheek kiss.
There’s a well-known Russian greeting tradition: the triple cheek-kiss. It’s usually common between close relatives. Sometimes, it’s shortened to two kisses.
One cheek kiss is often used by girls to greet friends, or even close female coworkers.
2. Russian handshake etiquette.
This is a usual greeting between men—regardless of how close they are—who are meeting for the first time, or for the 100th time.
Important advice! If you’re wearing gloves, make sure to take them off before a handshake. If you don’t take them off when another person has prepared to give you a handshake with his bare hands, he might think that you’re disrespecting him.
Another piece of important advice! Don’t give a handshake across a doorway. Walk inside the apartment or wait for someone to come outside, but don’t stick your hand across a threshold immediately after you see a person. This is considered very bad luck in Russia, and a lot of people will refuse to shake your hand in this situation.
For girls, a handshake works in business settings where this American tradition has become popular. But still, most girls prefer just to smile and nod instead of shaking hands.
When you leave a place where you’ve spent some time—a party, a house, or an office—make sure to shake hands as a goodbye with everyone you previously greeted with a handshake. If you leave without saying goodbye, people call this Уходить по-английски (Ukhodit’ po-angliysky) meaning “To leave as Englishmen do.” In England, people can leave without saying goodbye; but in Russia, it would be considered rude to do so. Always be mindful of this Russian meeting etiquette rule.
3. Smile and nod.
This is a basic solution for all other situations. If you feel awkward with other greetings, just stick with this one and you’ll be fine.
4. Hug.
This greeting is often used when greeting close friends, family members, or family members of close friends.
To learn greeting words and phrases, check out our article on how to say “Hello” in Russian.
2- Asking for Forgiveness
There are no specific Russian traditions or gestures for a formal apology. Just use formal Russian apology expressions and you’ll be fine.
If the situation isn’t formal or serious, look into the other person’s eyes. Note that, in Russian culture, looking down during the apology will make it look more sincere.
Learn how to say “I’m sorry” in Russian in our relevant article.
3- Gratitude
Спасибо (spasibo) means “thank you” in Russian. You can use it in any situation, both formal and informal.
In informal situations, you can add a hug if you’re feeling extremely grateful. Men are most likely to add a handshake (yes, pretty much the same one they use in greeting).
For additional information on this topic, listen to our audio lesson on how to say “You are welcome” in Russian. By listening to this audio lesson, you can also practice using etiquette interjections.
4- Forms of Address for Different People
When you talk with an elder person or a person you don’t know, don’t use an informal way of speaking. It will be considered extremely rude. Well, of course, not if you’re addressing your own granny who happens to be Russian.
You can use an informal way of speaking only with kids or school children.
2. Do’s and Don’ts in Russia #2: Russian Dining Etiquette
1- Paying for Food
First on our list of Russian etiquette at restaurants: paying.
If you’re visiting Russian friends for a short period of time, they’ll most likely pay for your food to show hospitality.
But normally, if you go to a restaurant with your Russian friends, you’ll notice that when it comes to payment, everyone takes a look at the bill and pays for their own food.
Splitting the bill is an option if Russians buy some food to be shared, like pizza or Japanese rolls.
2- When Should You Start Eating?
Don’t start eating your food before everyone gets to the table. According to Russian meal etiquette, this is considered rude.
Before eating, people usually wish Приятного аппетита (Priyatnogo appetita) which means “Enjoy your meal,” in Russian. This phrase is used both in formal and informal situations.
3- Going to the Toilet
It’s perfectly fine Russian table etiquette to leave the table to go to the toilet in Russia. Just say Извините, сейчас вернусь (Izvinite, seychas vernus’) which means “I’m sorry, I’ll be back soon,” and go. However, if you go more than once, it may be considered rude (or cause people to question your digestion). :-)
To learn even more about table manners in Russia, listen to our audio lesson about basic table etiquette.
3. Do’s and Don’ts in Russia #3: Russian Drinking Etiquette
1- Making a Toast
In Russia, no one should drink at the table without making a toast. It’s a famous Russian tradition that shows that they’re aware of the people around them and want to share the moment.
Usually, after making a toast, people clink glasses. Then, everyone drinks.
2- Pouring
There’s a tradition that a man should pour alcohol for the women sitting next to him. This is especially relevant during big occasions such as weddings or funerals, so that women won’t spoil their pretty dresses with a clumsy glass refill.
3- Don’t Put Empty Bottles on the Table
Russia is full of traditions and superstitions, especially about alcohol. One of the famous ones is that keeping empty bottles on the table is considered bad luck, and is thought to make you poor. That’s why, as soon as the bottle gets empty, it should be passed to the waiter, removed to the trash bin, or at least put under the table to be thrown away later.
4. Do’s and Don’ts in Russia #4: What to Expect from a Date with a Russian Girl or Russian Guy
In this section, we’ll go over the basic Russian social etiquette that’s expected when dating a Russian. Let’s get started.
1- Dating a Russian Woman Etiquette
1. Bringing Flowers
Bringing flowers on a date with a girl—even on a first date—has become popular in Russian etiquette and customs for dates. It shows that the guy has romantic feelings toward the girl. If you follow this dating tradition, you’ll score a couple of points already, at the beginning of the date.
But make sure that:
- You don’t bring an even number of flowers. This is REALLY important. Russians bring an even number of flowers only to funerals or when they visit a tomb.
- Gifting carnations is also associated with funerals—Soviet ones. If you happen to be in Russia on a Victory Day (9th of May) you’ll see a lot of carnations that commemorate war heroes.
- Don’t gift yellow roses. According to Russian superstition, yellow roses will bring a couple apart.
2. Russian Girls on the Date
Russian girls are famous for being really girly. They put on makeup and dress up even when going out to the supermarket or to throw away the garbage. One of the things that makes them more “girly” are high heels.
Sometimes it’s inconvenient to wear high heels all the time. So they just bring them along to wear when they arrive at the place (the cinema, theatre, or party, for instance).
3. Being a Gentleman
If you go out on a date with a Russian girl, behave like a gentleman. Open the doors for her, let her sit on public transport if there’s only one free seat left, and pay for her food in a restaurant.
Russian girls believe that they spend a lot of money and time to stay pretty—makeup, nails, eyelashes, eyebrows, clothes, etc., so it’s only natural that the guys pay for them on the date.
2- Dating a Russian Man Etiquette
If you want to date a Russian guy, then you should be aware of things that Russian men expect from their dates:
1. Act Like a Lady
While Russian guys, since childhood, are expected to act like gentlemen around girls, Russian girls are expected to accept that. Don’t fight for your life if a guy wants to pay for you on a date. You can take out your purse to show that you’re ready to pay, and if a guy offers to pay for you, just accept that; put your purse back in your pouch and warmly thank him.
2. Be Ready for High Expectations
While women and men in Russia have equal rights, relationships are still built with a specific division of responsibilities.
In a dating phase, women are expected to show good knowledge of doing simple house chores. Girls should clean a messy place of her beloved one and cook some food. In exchange, men will be paying for her when going out.
Of course, this isn’t set in stone, and you can always negotiate your responsibilities. But just know that your boyfriend’s mother is probably very traditional, and she’ll accept you only if you show that you’re good at performing household duties.
5. Do’s and Don’ts in Russia #5: So, You’re Going to Visit a Russian House
Now, for some Russian guest etiquette so that you can be a great visitor in a friend’s home.
1- Take Your Shoes Off
Once you enter a Russian house, take your shoes off unless you’re told not to. Many Russian houses are decorated with big rugs that are difficult to clean. You may be offered to wear slippers instead.
2- Don’t Show up Empty-handed
It’s considered rude not to bring something along when you come as a guest to a Russian house. A perfect gift is something sweet like a cake, candies, chocolate, pastry, etc., that can be eaten during a tea-time. There’s even a special expression—Что-нибудь к чаю (Chto-nibud’ k chayu) meaning “something for tea”—that you’ll probably hear as an answer if you ask Что купить? (Chto kupit’?) or “What should I buy?”
3- Don’t Whistle Indoors
Russians are very superstitious. Whistling indoors means that you’ll become poor. So, as in many European countries, whistling indoors is considered unacceptable.
4- Offer to Help Clean Dishes After the Meal
This is a really nice thing to do to get extra points for being a good guest in Russia, as it is in many other countries. A Russian hostess would probably refuse your help, but she will for sure remember how considerate you were and will gladly invite you the next time.
It’s especially beneficial if you’re visiting your future parents-in-law. ;-)
5- Russian Food Etiquette
Russian people are extremely hospitable. They’ll feed and feed you until you feel like you’ll blow up from inside from food. It’s considered rude to refuse food when the hostess offers you something.
But there’s a small secret about how to avoid being overfed. When you feel that you’re almost full, leave a small portion of food on your plate to show the hostess that you’re full. It shouldn’t be too much, or the hostess will think that you didn’t like the food, but it shouldn’t be extremely small, or you’ll be offered some more food. About 1/8 of a plateful is fine.
And don’t forget that drinking tea with a cake or sweets is a must after the main course. Leave some free room in your stomach for that.
6. Do’s and Don’ts in Russia #6: How Russians Behave in a Public Transport
1- Offering a Seat
There’s an etiquette rule that Russians teach their kids from childhood. You should offer your seat to elder people, pregnant women, women with a child up to seven years old, and disabled people.
There’s a nuance in offering a seat to older people. Do it only when you see that they’re bringing really heavy bags or when it’s hard for them to walk (e.g. they’re really old or bring along a crutch). If you offer a seat to a perfectly normal woman, she might think that she looks too old and even get angry. :-)
If you’re a guy, offer your seat to a girl. This is considered to be a gentlemanly behavior.
2- Pushing in a Crowd and Public Lines
If you get to the Moscow underground, you’ll see that there are no lines to enter a train. People will push to get inside and catch a better spot for a ride.
If you feel uncomfortable around crowds, wait until people get onto the train before getting on the train yourself.
Also, try to avoid rush hour. Usually, people go to work at 8-9 a.m. and go back at 6-7 p.m.
3- Staring at Women
In Russia, it’s rude to stare at people you don’t know. In some countries it’s considered normal to stare at women who walk by themselves, but in Russia, a girl who’s being stared at will feel offended and disrespected.
Of course, quick looks are okay, so don’t walk around trying not to meet some girl’s eyes by accident. :-)
7. Do’s and Don’ts in Russia #7: Russian Business Etiquette Tips
1- Business and Alcohol
Russian business etiquette is closely connected with alcohol traditions. Russians tend to have greater trust in those with whom they’ve gotten drunk. In a drunken condition, people loosen up and say what they really think. And Russians use this.
Another tradition is to celebrate a sealed business deal with alcohol. Very often, Russians go to баня (banya) or a “banya; Russian sauna” for that. This may look weird to foreigners, but it’s one of the famous Russian etiquette business traditions that you should just accept.
2- Don’t Keep Your Hands in Your Pockets
This is another etiquette point that Russians teach their kids: not keeping hands in pockets during official events. Doing so shows disrespect to the person you’re speaking with.
This is due to psychological logic that comes from old times. When people show their empty hands, it’s considered a gesture of peace; when you keep your hands in your pockets, it indicates that you might be ready to use a weapon.
3- Don’t Spread Your Legs Wide Apart
This is an important Russian office etiquette rule. This posture is popular among men as it allows them to occupy more space and thus show their dominance. But in Russia, it’s also considered a sign of a man with bad etiquette. Showing dominance that way is considered vulgar.
Instead, keep your legs together, or at a natural distance.
If you’re interested in finding a job in Russia, here’s our useful article for you on that very topic.
8. Do’s and Don’ts in Russia #8: Russian Gift Giving Etiquette
1- Gift Superstitions
There are famous superstitions that have naturally converted into Russian gift etiquette:
1. Don’t gift an empty wallet. In Russia, giving an empty wallet as a present is like wishing financial hardships to that person. Just put some cash inside to make it a great gift.
2. Don’t give a knife as a gift. Giving a knife as a present is believed to cause the breakup of a relationship. Just give them money to buy a knife with to avoid that.
3. Pay for a pet. When Russians receive a cat or a dog, they need to pay some money even though the pet is a present. Russians believe that if they do, the animal will grow up happy and healthy.
2- First Refusing the Gift and Then Accepting it
Russians tend to refuse any gift that you try to give them. They can say Что ты, это слишком дорого (Chto ty, eto slishkom dorogo) meaning “No-no, it’s too expensive,” or Нет, спасибо, тебе не стоило (Net, spasibo, tebe ne stoilo) meaning “No, thank you, you didn’t need to.”
Just insist on giving them the gift. You’ll get a gush of gratitude.
3- Gifts to Women
If you want to give a gift to a woman on her birthday or another important date, bring along a flower or a flower bouquet. It’s an etiquette tradition that’s followed both in the business world and in personal life.
Some women may not even like flowers that much, but they still gladly accept them as it’s a tradition.
9. Conclusion: How RussianPod101 Can Help You Learn Russian Better
So, now you know the most common Russian traditions and etiquette. Of course, if you don’t follow them, people will understand. But you’ll be much more welcomed and appreciated if you’re aware of Russian etiquette and follow it as much as you can.
Did you learn anything new in our Russian etiquette guide? Are there similar etiquette rules in your own country? Or is etiquette very different? Let us know in the comments!
Once you’ve learned Russian etiquette, it would be a great help to learn basic Russian vocabulary to be polite around Russians. Our teachers will gladly help you with that. Check out our MyTeacher program for Russian-learners. Our teachers are all native speakers with an impressive teaching background. They’ll make sure that you start talking in Russian very soon. ;-)
Reading Russian Dates: Learn Years, Months and Days in Russian
Just imagine that you need to make an appointment to save the world with native Russian super heroes—just for the usual international superhero meeting. :-) Well, you’d definitely need to be able to tell the date…the Russian date.
Maybe you have a super ability to read other people’s minds? Well, you still need to learn the dates because Russian superheroes—and actually all other Russians—think in…yep, Russian! Surprise. :-)
So, gonna save the world? Learn how to read and tell the date in Russian. Let’s get started with the basics, and you’ll soon see that expressing dates in Russian really isn’t so hard.
Table of Contents
- Russian Dates: Calendar Dates in Russian
- Days of the Week in Russian
- Must-Know Phrases and Words to Talk about Dates in Russian
- Conclusion: How RussianPod101 Can Help You Master Russian
1. Russian Dates: Calendar Dates in Russian
Let’s learn how to say dates in Russian. More specifically, we’ll answer the question “How are dates written in Russian?”
Russian dates are usually written in the following order: day-month-year. For example, 22.05.2025. Let’s learn how to read Russian dates and use the Russian calendar, so that you can soon start talking about dates in Russian like it’s nothing!
1- How to Say Months in Russian
Let’s start with the months of the year in Russian. You may notice that Russian month names resemble the English ones. That’s because the etymology for these words is the same:
- “January” in Russian is Январь (yanvar’). This month got its name from the ancient Roman god Janus. He was the god of time, gates, and doorways. So, metaphorically speaking, январь (yanvar’) is a doorway to the new year.
- Февраль (fevral’) is “February.” In Russia, this month has always been the coldest month of the whole year. The month’s name comes from the name of the ancient Roman god of purification, Februus. His holy month was February.
- Март (mart) is “March.” The first spring month was named after the god of war, Mars. But how are spring and war connected? Well, the thing is that this god also guarded agriculture. That’s why most of his festivals were held in this first spring month.
- Апрель (aprel’) is “April.” This month was named after the ancient Greek goddess, Afrodita. During this month, the snow melts and everything starts to grow and bloom.
- Май (may) is “May.” The warmest spring month was named after the ancient Greek pleiad Maia, who symbolized the growth and blooming of nature.
- Июнь (iyun’) is “June.” The first summer month was named after the ancient Roman goddess Juno, who took care of soil fertility and the strength of marriage.
- Июль (iyul‘) is “July.” The hottest summer month was named after Gaius Julius Caesar, the Roman emperor.
- Август (avgust) is “August.” This month’s name comes from the name of another Roman emperor: Augustus.
- Сентябрь (sentyabr’) is “September.” In ancient times, the year started not in January but in March. That is why the first autumn month was derived from the Latin word septum which means “seven.”
- Октябрь (oktyabr’) is “October.” October was derived from the Latin word octo which means “eight.” But did the fantasy of the ancient month name-giver finish? :-)
- Ноябрь (noyabr’) is “November.” This is from the Latin word novo which means “nine.”
- Декабрь (dekabr’) is “December.” This month’s name is also derived from a Latin word: decem which means “ten.”
If you need to say “leap month” in Russian, use високосный месяц (visokosnyy mesyats).
Now, practice the Russian calendar months with our word list.
2- How to Say Days in Russian
Dates and numbers in Russian go hand-in-hand. When telling dates in Russian, you need to use Russian ordinal numbers for the days, which behave like adjectives in sentences. “Date” or “number” in Russian is число (chislo). This noun has a neutral gender, which is why all the date numbers are used with neutral endings as well:
- Первое (pervoye)—”the first”
- Второе (vtoroye)—”the second”
- Третье (tret’ye)—”the third”
- Четвертое (chetvyortoye)—”the fourth”
- Пятое (pyatoye)—”the fifth”
- Шестое (shestoye)—”the sixth”
- Седьмое (sed’moye)—”the seventh”
- Восьмое (vos’moye)—”the eighth”
- Девятое (devyatoye)—”the ninth”
- Десятое (desyatoye)—”the tenth”
- Одиннадцатое (odinnadtsatoye)—”the eleventh”
- Please, note that the letter д (d) in the number одиннадцатый and in the following numbers is not pronounced.
- Двенадцатое (dvenadtsatoye)—”the twelfth”
- Тринадцатое (trinadtsatoye)—”the thirteenth”
- Четырнадцатое (chetyrnadtsatoye)—”the fourteenth”
- Пятнадцатое (pyatnadtsatoye)—”the fifteenth”
- Шестнадцатое (shestnadtsatoye)—”the sixteenth”
- Семнадцатое (semnadtsatoye)—”the seventeenth”
- Восемнадцатое (vosemnadtsatoye)—”the eighteenth”
- Девятнадцатое (devyatnadtsatoye)—”the nineteenth”
- Двадцатое (dvadtsatoye)—”the twentieth”
- Двадцать первое (dvadtsat’ pervoye)—”the twenty-first”
- Двадцать второе (dvadtsat’ vtotoye)—”the twenty-second”
- Двадцать третье (dvadtsat’ tret’ye)—”the twenty-third”
- Двадцать четвертое (dvadtsat’ chetvyortoye)—”the twenty-fourth”
- Двадцать пятое (dvadtsat’ pyatoye)—”the twenty-fifth”
- Двадцать шестое (dvadtsat’ shestoye)—”the twenty-sixth”
- Двадцать седьмое (dvadtsat’ sed’moye)—”the twenty-seventh”
- Двадцать восьмое (dvadtsat’ vos’moye)—”the twenty-eighth”
- Двадцать девятое (dvadtsat’ devyatoye)—”the twenty-ninth”
- Тридцатое (tridtsatoye)—”the thirtieth”
- Тридцать первое (tridtsat’ pervoye)—”the thirty-first”
In order to write the day in Russian dates with numerals, write a number, add a hyphen, and add the last two letters of the last number-word. For example:
- Первое (pervoye)
1-ое
“the first” - Второе (vtoroye)
2-ое
“the second” - Третье (tret’ye)
3-ье
“the third” - Четвертое (chetvyortoye)
4-ое
“the fourth” - Пятое (pyatoye)
5-ое
“the fifth” - Двадцать восьмое (dvadtsat’ vos’moye)
28-ое
“the twenty-eighth” - Тридцатое (tridtsatoye)
30-ое
“the thirtieth”
You can learn more about Russian ordinal and cardinal numbers from our article about Russian numbers, and practice naming numbers with our word list.
3- How to Say the Years in Russian
Now, onto dates and years in Russian. The numbers of the year in Russian are also ordinal numbers. “Year” in Russian is год (god). This noun has a masculine gender, which is why all year numbers are used with masculine endings as well. For example:
- 1876: тысяча восемьсот семдесят шестой (tysyacha vosem’sot semdesyat shestoy)
- 1925: тысяча девятьсот двадцать пятый (tysyacha devyat’sot dvadtsat’ pyatyy)
- 2012: две тысячи двенадцатый (dve tysyachi dvenadtsatyy)
Please, note that there’s more than one way to read 1000 in Russian: тысяча (tysyacha or tyshcha) or одна тысяча (odna tysyacha). The shorter version is used in spoken language.
4- How to Say Dates in Russian: Putting it Together
Now you know how to tell days, months, and years in Russian. Let’s see how they work together, and how to write dates in Russian in full.
In order to tell the date, use the Genitive case for the name of the month and the number of the year:
- 08.03.2007
восьмое марта две тысячи седьмого года
vos’moye marta dve tysyachi sed’mogo goda
“The 8th of March, 2007.”
By the way, the 8th of March is an official holiday in Russia: International Women’s Day. To learn more about important dates in Russia, listen to our audio.
- 23.04.1991
двадцать третье апреля тысяча девятьсот девяносто первого года
dvadtsat’ tret’ye aprelya tysyacha devyat’sot devyanosto pervogo goda
“The 23d of April, 1991.”
Now, to practice writing dates in Russian yourself, write down your birthday in Russian in the comments section below. ;)
Now you’re ready to learn how to ask “When is your birthday?” in Russian.
2. Days of the Week in Russian
The first day of the Russian week is usually Monday. “Weekdays” are called будни (budni). If you want to say “weekday,” use будний день (budniy den’).
“Weekend” is выходные (vykhodnyye). To say “weekend day,” use выходной день (vykhodnoy den’).
1- Monday
So, let’s start with how to say “Monday” in Russian. First, you need to know that there’s a Russian tradition of not doing anything on Sunday. In Russian, this is called не делать (ne delat’) or “not to do.” That’s why “Monday” in Russian language is called понедельник (ponedel’nik). It’s the day after not doing anything.
2- Tuesday
“Tuesday” in Russian is вторник (vtornik). You can see that it starts similarly to the word второй (vtoroy) which means “the second.” That was actually how this weekday was named; it’s the second day of the week.
3- Wednesday
“Wednesday” in Russian is среда (sreda). Wednesday in Russia is usually considered to be the middle of the week (at least, the middle of the working week). That’s why the name was created from the word середина (seredina) meaning “the middle.”
4- Thursday
“Thursday” in Russian is четверг (chetverg). Thursday is the fourth day of a Russian week, so the name comes from the number четыре (chetyre) which means “four.” If you want to know more about Russian numbers, check out our article.
5- Friday
“Friday” in Russian is пятница (pyatnitsa). In Russian, “five” is пять (pyat’), hence the name of the weekday.
6- Saturday
So, now let’s learn how to say “Saturday” in Russian: суббота (subbota). The name has an interesting history. It comes from the Jewish word Sabbath which means “to rest.”
7- Sunday
“Sunday” in Russian is воскресенье (voskresen’ye). The name comes from the Russian Christian tradition and means the day of the resurrection of Jesus. In Russian, “resurrection” is воскресение (voskreseniye). As you can see, only one letter is different. Make sure that you don’t mix the words up!
Now practice Russian days of the week with our word list.
3. Must-Know Phrases and Words to Talk about Dates in Russian
Now you know how to give the dates and days of the week in Russian. Let’s enrich your vocabulary so that you can learn how to use these words in a sentence and build a proper dialogue about the dates. By the end of this section, you should also have a better idea about how to read dates in Russian.
- Вчера (vchera)—”yesterday”
Вчера шёл дождь (Vchera shyol dozhd’)—”It was raining yesterday.” - Сегодня (segodnya)—”today”
Сегодня плохая погода (Segodnya plokhaya pogoda)—”The weather is bad today.” - Завтра (zavtra)—”tomorrow”
Завтра будет солнечно (Zavtra budet solnechno)—”It will be sunny tomorrow.”
Давай встретимся завтра (Davay vstretimsya zavtra)—”Let’s meet tomorrow.”The answer to that suggestion can be:
Давай! (Davay!)—”Sure!” - Позавчера (pozavchera)—”the day before yesterday”
Позавчера я встретился с русским другом (Pozavchera ya vstretilsya s russkim drugom)—”The day before yesterday, I met up with my Russian friend.” - Послезавтра (poslezavtra)—”the day after tomorrow”
Послезавтра я собираюсь в больницу (Poslezavtra ya sobirayus’ v bol’nitsu)—”The day after tomorrow, I’m going to a hospital.” - Квартал (kvartal)—”quarter”
This word is seldom used in actual conversations, but you’ll come across it if you work with Russian-speaking colleagues. Business goals are usually set for a quarter (among monthly and yearly goals). - Какое сегодня число? (Kakoye segodnya chislo?)—”What date is it today?”
The answer could be:- Сегодня двадцать девятое июня (Segodnya dvadtsat’ devyatoye iyunya)—”Today is the 29th of June.”
- Какого числа начинаются занятия? (Kakogo chisla nachinayutsya zanyatiya?)—”When does the study start?”
The answer could be:
- Занятия начинаются первого сентября (Zanyatiya nachinayutsya pervogo sentyabrya)—”The study starts on the 1st of September.”
Interesting fact. The 1st of September is called День Знаний (Den’ Znaniy) which means “Knowledge Day.” Every year on the 1st of September, Russian students have the first school/university day. If you’re lucky to be in Russia on this day, you’ll probably see a lot of school children formally dressed and with flowers to give to their teachers.
- Занятия начинаются первого сентября (Zanyatiya nachinayutsya pervogo sentyabrya)—”The study starts on the 1st of September.”
- Какого числа ты выходишь на работу? (Kakogo chisla ty vykhodish’ na rabotu?)—”When will you get back to work?” or “When is your first day at work?” depending on the context.
The answer could be:
- Я выхожу на работу тридцать первого ноября (Ya vykhozhu na rabotu tridtsat’ pervogo noyabrya)—”I will start working on the 31st of November.”
- Когда у тебя день рождения? (Kogda u tebya den’ rozhdeniya?)—”When is your birthday?”
The answer could be:
- Мой день рождения одиннадцатого апреля (Moy den’ rozhdeniya odinnadtsatogo aprelya)—”My birthday is on the 11th of April.”
- Семнадцатого января (Semnadtsatogo yanvarya)—”On the 17th of January.”
- Какой сегодня день недели? (Kakoy segodnya den’ nedeli?)—”What weekday is it today?”
The answer could be:
- Сегодня вторник (Segodnya vtornik)—”Today is Tuesday.”
- В каком месяце ты собираешься приехать? (V kakom mesyatse ty sobirayesh’sya priyekhat’?)—”What month are you planning to come?”
The answer could be:
- В феврале (V fevrale)—”In February.”
If you wanna dig even deeper, you can learn how to reschedule an appointment or what to do when you arrive late for the appointment.
4. Conclusion: How RussianPod101 Can Help You Master Russian
So, now you know how to talk about dates, how to make appointments, and how to tell someone when your birthday is (so no one has an excuse not to prepare a gift for you). ;-)
If the Russian language and Russian culture make you excited and you wanna tell more about yourself in Russian, check out our MyTeacher program for Russian-learners. You can set your own goals and reach them fast with our professional native Russian teachers. You can also choose a specially prepared program to pass Russian language exams and to achieve the level of Russian you need.
And remember, keep the learning process fun and exciting—that way, you’ll keep moving forward no matter what difficulties you meet on your way.
Before you go, let us know how you feel about reading dates in Russian now. And why not practice Russian dates by telling us today’s date in Russian in the comments section? ;) We look forward to hearing from you!
Russian Family: Guide on Talking about Relatives in Russian
Did you know that the woman who gave birth the most times was Russian? She lived in the 18th century and was the wife of a peasant. She had sixty-nine kids! Sixteen pairs of twins, seven sets of triplets, and four sets of quadruplets.
In the past, Russian people tried to have more kids because not all of them were able to survive infancy (rest assured that sixty-seven of the record-holder’s children survived). Since that difficult time, the Russian family has become the core value of many Russians, and has remained so for a long time.
That’s why it’s important to know how to talk about your family and ask about your Russian friend’s family. Once family backgrounds are exchanged, you’ll be able to understand each other much better!
And besides, it’s a nice and easy topic to master, even for beginners. ;-) To tackle this topic, family in Russian lessons like this one are essential.
Let’s dig in to our guide on family words in Russian and family in Russian culture!
Table of Contents
- Family in Russia: Russian Family Culture
- Family Members
- How to Talk about the Family
- Top Four Quotes and Famous Phrases about Family
- Exercise
- Conclusion: How RussianPod101 Can Help You Master Russian
1. Family in Russia: Russian Family Culture
Before we go over the most basic Russian family words, here’s some background information on the family culture in Russia!
1- Age of Marriage
Family is a really important aspect of life for Russians. In the 20th century, the age for marriage was twenty-three years old for men and twenty years old for women. From 1990 to 1993, the average marriage age lowered about two-three years; this was dictated by government policy to make families stronger.
Being together without marriage was criticized. A woman who lived with a man outside of marriage was thought to be frivolous; she usually couldn’t make a career of her work. A married man could build his career more quickly, as he was considered reliable and serious.
That government policy has significantly influenced how people think about marriage. They think that marriage is a serious thing, and people should be married once for the whole lifetime. That’s how people of the 20th century taught their children to view marriage.
However, by 2019, the age for marriage has increased. Now, it’s usually twenty-seven years old for men and twenty-two to twenty-four years old for girls. In smaller towns, people tend to get married earlier than this age, and in bigger cities (e.g. Moscow and Saint Petersburg) they get married later.
2- Children
When it comes to Russian family size, modern Russian families usually have two kids. People think that because there are two parents, they need to make two replacements.
However, one child is more common for families living in bigger cities. This is because children’s education costs much more and requires much more from the parents there.
Of course, there are families with more kids, but this is an exception to the rule. Most Russian people prefer giving a lot to one child, than giving a little to several children.
3- Elders
Of course, Russian people have high respect for elders. For example, it’s good etiquette to stand up and offer a seat on public transport if an older person walks in.
Unfortunately, the level of respect in Russia can’t compare with that in Asian countries where respect is built into the culture itself. In Russia, modern people tend to think that age alone isn’t enough to gain respect. The person needs to be intelligent, kind, or have another outstanding quality that youngsters could learn from.
4- The Most Popular Russian Family Names
For a long time, Russian people didn’t have surnames. In documents, they had only their name, nickname, father’s job, nationality, place of birth, and occupation. That’s how the first surnames were made.
Столяров (Stolyarov) is the son of столяр (stolyar) meaning “carpenter,” and Андреев (Andreyev) is the son of Андрей (Andrey) meaning “Andrey” (boys’ name).
It’s hard to say how many family names there are in Russia. According to the last attempt to count, there are more than one-hundred-thousand surnames. Here are the top five most common surnames:
- Иванов (Ivanov)
- The son of Иван (Ivan)
- “Ivan” (boys’ name)
- Смирнов (Smirnov)
- The adjective смирной (smirnoy) refers to a person who is calm, not proud, and not arrogant. This was considered one of the highest Christian virtues.
- Кузнецов (Kuznetsov)
- The son of кузнец (kuznets) meaning “blacksmith.”
- Попов (Popov)
- The son of поп (pop)
- That’s what people unofficially called the Christian priest.
- Васильев (Vasil’yev)
- The son of Василий (Vasiliy)
- “Vasiliy” (boys’ name).
2. Family Members
Now let’s learn the Russian words for family members to increase your family in Russian vocabulary!
1- Mother
This is how to say “mother” in Russian: мама (mama). In English, it can be translated as “mom.” This is the word kids learn to use when they’re little.
There’s also a more formal word for “mother” in Russian language: мать (mat’). It’s used in formal writing or formal speeches.
Interesting fact. If someone who has always called his mother мама (mama) has suddenly referred to her as мать (mat’), he might be pissed at her at the moment, or he’s intentionally using a more formal style to talk about her.
Also, Russian people just looooove to use suffixes to make Russian language-learners suffer to give extra meanings to the words, usually in terms of a quality or to describe closeness, especially between family members. In English, the same additional meanings can be expressed using diminutives.
The word мама (mama) is often used with suffixes to express love for her: мамочка (mamochka), мамуля (mamulya). Russians can both call the mother мамочка (mamochka) or мамуля (mamulya) directly, or refer to her like that in a conversation (though it feels way too showy when the second situation happens).
For example, a child can try to persuade his mother to buy him something he wants by using these affectionate suffixes:
- Мамочка, мамочка, купи мне мороженое!
Mamochka, mamochka, kupi mne morozhenoye!
“Mommy, mommy, buy me ice cream!”
Interesting fact. “Mother Russia” in Russian is Матушка Россия (Matushka Rossiya). The word матушка (matushka) is formed with the suffix -ушк- (-ushk-) which expresses love and tenderness toward the mother-country.
2- Father
The word “father” in Russian also has two translations. Usually, it’s папа (papa), and in formal situations it’s отец (otets).
Also, you might come across the translation батя (batya). This word is usually used by guys to talk about their fathers. The word is of Ukranian origin.
The suffix most often used with “father” words is -к- (-k-): папка (papka), батька (bat’ka). In these cases, the suffix gives a slightly contemptuous meaning.
3- Sister
“Sister” in Russian is сестра (sestra). It slightly resembles the English word, right? When we talk about our siblings, we usually tell whether they’re older or younger than us. Let’s learn how to do that in Russian:
- Старшая сестра
Starshaya sestra
“Older sister” - Младшая сестра
Mladshaya sestra
“Younger sister”
In Russian, there’s no difference in how a male or female speaker would phrase this (as is the case in other languages, such as Korean).
The word сестра (sestra) is usually used without suffixes, but you may come across the word with a suffix in a children’s story book: сестричка (sestrichka).
You can also use сестричка (sestrichka) as an endearment term to refer to your sister. The suffix -ичк- (-ichk-) also expresses a good attitude toward your sister. Keep in mind that сестричка (sestrichka) nowadays is used only in books, and almost never in other situations.
4- Brother
“Brother” in Russian is брат (brat). Just like сестра (sestra), you can describe whether your brothers are older or younger.
- Старший брат
Starshiy brat
“Elder brother” - Младший брат
Mladshiy brat
“Younger brother”
The word брат (brat) has been actively used to refer to one another in criminal groups since the 1990s. During this time, many suffixes became commonly used with this word:
- Братан
Bratan
“Bro” - Братишка
Bratishka
“Little bro”
The suffix -ишк- (-ishk-) here shows that you undermine the person you’re calling with it.
Now, братан (bratan) is actively used by young people to seem “cooler,” especially between guys. Try to address your Russian friend by saying Привет, братан (Privet, bratan) which means “Hi, bro.” ;-)
By the way, young Russian guys often use бро (bro) or “bro” the same as it’s used in English..
5- Grandmother
This is probably one of the most popular Russian words. So, “grandmother “in Russian translation is бабушка (babushka).
If you’re interested in how Russian words are built, then it’ll be interesting for you to know that the word бабушка (babushka) already contains a suffix in it. The suffix -ушк- (-ushk-) doesn’t give any new quality, it just shows that we like the thing (or person) we’re talking about. The stem of the word is баба (baba) which meant “woman” in previous centuries.
Nowadays, if you use баба (baba) when talking to or about a woman, it will have a disparaging meaning. But it’s often used when we talk about a grandmother in Russian language, with an added name. For example: баба Света (baba Sveta), баба Надя (baba Nadya), or баба Маша (baba Masha).
6- Grandfather
The “grandfather” in Russian translation is дедушка (dedushka). Like бабушка (babushka), this word already contains the suffix -ушк- (-ushk-) which shows that we like the person we’re talking about. The stem here is дед (ded).
Interesting fact. Santa Claus in the Russian language is Дед Мороз (Ded Moroz). Дед (Ded) means “grandfather” and Мороз (Moroz) means “frost.”
7- Wife
“Wife” in Russian is жена (zhena). It has the stem жен- (zhen-), which is used in the word жениться (zhenit’sya) which means “to marry a girl.”
If you add the suffix -ушк- (-ushk-), you’ll get a more tender name for your wife: женушка (zhenushka).
The more formal word for “wife” in Russian translation is супруга (supruga). The ending -a (-a) here shows the sex of the person (female).
Of course, there are a lot of things husbands can call their wives. The most popular are:
- Спутница жизни
Sputnica zhizni
“Life companion”
The above phrase shows that the husband has chosen his wife for his whole life.
- Боевая подруга
Boyevaya podruga
“Combat friend”
This phrase basically means that the wife will be at her husband’s side in any situation that might occur during their life together.
8- Husband
“Husband” in Russian is муж (muzh). It has the same stem муж- (muzh-) as the word мужчина (muzhchina) which means “man.”
The more formal word for “husband” in Russian is супруг (suprug).
9- Daughter
Let’s learn how to say “daughter” in Russian: дочь (doch’). When people talk, they’re more likely to use the less formal version by adding the suffix -к- (-k-) to make дочка (dochka).
There are plenty of suffixes that mothers add to address their daughter in a more loving and tender way. These are the most commonly used ones:
- Доченька (Dochen’ka)
- Дочурка (Dochurka)
- Доча (Docha)
- Technically, there’s no suffix in this word. But it still has a loving, emotional ring to it.
- Дочушка (Dochushka)
- Дочечка (Dochechka)
- Дочура (Dochura)
10- Son
“Son” in Russian is сын (syn). The most commonly used forms with suffixes to express love are:
- Сынок (Synok)
- This form is the most frequently used.
- Сынок, помоги мне, пожалуйста (Synok, pomogi mne, pozhaluysta) or “Dear son, please, help me.”
- Сынуля (Synulya)
- The suffix -ул- (-ul-) is used to express love.
- Сыночка (Synochka)
- This form is usually used in a country speech.
- Сынишка (Synishka)
- This form shows that the son being addressed is smaller than the speaker.
11- Uncle and Aunt
“Uncle” in Russian is дядя (dyadya). “Aunt” in Russian is тётя (tyotya).
To make it clear whose relative is being talked about—mom’s or dad’s—Russians add со стороны матери (so storony materi) or со стороны отца (so storony otsa) after дядя (dyadya) or тётя (tyotya).
12- Cousin
“Cousin” (male) in Russian is двоюродный брат (dvoyurodnyy brat). “Cousin” (female) in Russian is двоюродная сестра (dvoyurodnaya sestra).
As you can see, to say “cousin,” Russians use the words брат (brat) meaning “brother” and сестра (sestra) meaning “sister.” The word двоюродный (dvoyurodnyy) shows that this brother or sister is second-tier.
You can indicate a third-tier relative by using the word троюродный (troyurodnyy), or a fourth-tier relative by using the word четвероюродный (chetveroyurodnyy), etc. That’s a smart way to show how close your relatives are to you.
13- Niece and Nephew
“Niece” in Russian is племянница (plemyannitsa). “Nephew” in Russian is племянник (plemyannik).
To say “great niece,” add the word внучатый (vnuchatyy), and you’ll get внучатая племянница (vnuchataya plemyannitsa).
“Great nephew” is внучатый племянник (vnuchatyy plemyannik).
14- Grandchildren
Grandparents call their “granddaughter” внучка (vnuchka), and their “grandson” внук (vnuk). Внук (vnuk) is often used with the suffix -ок (-ok) and sounds like внучок (vnuchok).
Also keep in mind that old people will often call younger people these words, even if they’re not related.
3. How to Talk about the Family
Okay, now let’s learn how to talk about family in Russian. Here are some family Russian phrases and sentences:
- Родители (Roditeli) meaning “Parents.”
Interesting fact. Though there is a word for “grandparents”—прародители (praroditeli)—Russians prefer to use бабушка с дедушкой (babushka s dedushkoy) which means “grandmother and grandfather” if they have one grandmother and one grandfather. They use бабушки с дедушками (babushki s dedushkami) meaning “grandmothers and grandfathers” if they have more.
- В моей семье 3 человека
V moyey sem’ye tri cheloveka
“There are three people in my family.” - У меня большая семья
U menya bol’shaya sem’ya
“I have a big family.” - У меня маленькая семья: я и мой кот
U menya malen’kaya sem’ya: ya i moy kot
“I have a small family: me and my cat.” - У меня есть папа, мама, брат и сестра
U menya yest’ papa, mama, brat i sestra
“I have a father, mother, brother, and sister.” - Моему брату 20 лет
Moyemu bratu dvadtsat’ let
“My brother is 20 years old.” - Моя сестра старше меня на 5 лет
Moya sestra starshe menya na pyat’ let
“My sister is five years older than me.” - Я очень люблю и уважаю своих родителей
Ya ochen’ lyublyu i uvazhayu svoikh roditeley
“I really love and respect my parents.” - Мой папа - учитель
Moy papa - uchitel’
“My father is a teacher.” - Моя мама - врач
Moya mama - vrach
“My mother is a doctor.” - Моя племянник - школьник
Moy plemyannik - shkol’nik
“My nephew is a pupil at school.” - Моя сестра - студентка
Moya sestra - studentka
“My sister is a student.” - Моя сестра учится в университете
Moya sestra uchitsya v universitete
“My sister studies in a university.”
Interesting fact. There’s an interesting Russian pronoun cвой (svoy) which is translated as “my,” “our,” “your,” “his,” “her,” and “their,” depending on which person in a sentence is performing the action. Have a look at the sentence above. The word cвой (svoy) there can be easily replaced with мой (moy) meaning “my.” But the natives prefer to use cвой (svoy). So…why?
The word cвой (svoy) has a stronger meaning of ownership. By using cвой (svoy), you emphasize that something belongs to the person who’s taking action. Please, keep in mind that there should be someone taking an action in a sentence, or else using this word would be a mistake.
For example, in the sentence В моей семье 3 человека (V moyey sem’ye tri cheloveka) which means “There are three people in my family,” we don’t see any person. There’s no “I/you/him/etc.,” so you can’t use cвой (svoy) here. If you use it, Russians won’t understand whose family you’re talking about.
For better understanding, note that the antonym of cвой (svoy) is чужой (chuzhoy) which means “someone else’s,” “not belonging to me/you/etc.”
4. Top Four Quotes and Famous Phrases about Family
There are many phrases about family that go around. Here are the most famous ones:
- В гостях хорошо, а дома лучше
V gostyakh khorosho, a doma luchshe
“There’s no place like home.”
This proverb is often used in books and even orally, especially by older people. The perfect situation to use this phrase would be when you come home from someone else’s place after having a good time.
- Яблочко от яблони недалеко падает
Yablochko ot yabloni nedaleko padayet
“The apple doesn’t fall far from an apple tree.”
This proverb can be translated as “Like mother, like son.” It’s used to comment on someone else’s bad behavior when the speaker doesn’t like that person’s mother. For example, Tanya’s mother got pregnant without being married. When Tanya grew up, she also got pregnant without being married. The person who knows these facts, and doesn’t like this family, could express his contempt by saying Яблочко от яблони недалеко падает (Yablochko ot yabloni nedaleko padayet).
- Я старый солдат и не знаю слов любви
Ya staryy soldat i ne znayu slov lyubvi
“I am an old soldier and I don’t know words of love.”
This is a quote from another famous Soviet film Здравствуйте, я ваша тётя (Zdravstvuyte, ya vasha tyotya) which translates to “Hello, I’m Your Aunt.” Watch the moment when this phrase is used. Note that Донна Роза (Donna Roza) is the name of the main hero. This phrase can be ironically used by a husband when his wife asks him to tell her more often that he loves her.
- В семье не без дурака
V sem’ye ne bez duraka
“There is no family without a fool.”
When one family member does something bad, other family members can comment on the situation by saying this proverb. There’s a stronger version of this phrase: В семье не без урода (V sem’ye ne bez uroda) which means “There is no family without a freak.” It’s usually said when the speaker is really angry. Be very careful when using it.
4. Exercise
Now it’s time for practice! First, read the following example and then write a paragraph or two about your own family. If you want professional assistance, don’t hesitate to apply for our MyTeacher program for Russian-learners, where professional Russian tutors will help you nail this topic.
Okay, here’s the example:
Меня зовут Катя. Мне 16 лет. У меня большая семья. В ней шесть человек: мама, папа, сестра и два брата. Моя сестра - студент, учится на адвоката. Мои братья - еще школьники. Младший учится в шестом классе, а старший - в одиннадцатом. Я очень люблю свою семью!
Menya zovut Katya. Mne shestnadtsat’ let. U menya bol’shaya sem’ya. V ney shest’ chelovek: mama, papa, sestra i dva brata. Moya sestra - student, uchitsya na advokata. Moi brat’ya - eshchyo shkol’niki. Mladshiy uchitsya v shestom klasse, a starshiy - v odinnadtsatom. Ya ochen’ lyublyu svoyu sem’yu!
“My name is Katya. I’m 21 years old. I have a big family. I have six family members: mom, dad, sister, and two brothers. My sister is a student; she is studying to be a lawyer. My brothers are still at school. The younger one is in sixth grade, and the older one is in eleventh grade. I love my family a lot!”
Now, your turn! And don’t move to the next article until you finish this task.
To add to this paragraph of yourself, please read our article on how to introduce yourself in Russian. To handle numbers, read our article on numbers in Russian.
5. Conclusion: How RussianPod101 Can Help You Master Russian
In this article, we’ve learned the words to talk about Russian family and family members. Print our colorful PDF to keep all the new words in front of your eyes while you’re learning them. You can also refresh the vocabulary in your memory with our word list for family members.
And keep in mind that practice makes perfect. Try to use the words as much as you can to transfer them from short-term memory into long-term memory. You can do it!
If you’re searching for a professional Russian tutor, check out our MyTeacher program for Russian-learners. Our teachers are all native speakers with an impressive teaching background. They’ll make sure that you start talking in Russian very soon. ;-)
Useful Russian Phrases for Tourists: Travel Vocabulary
Going to explore gorgeous Moscow Kremlin or travel back into the XIX century on the tiny cobblestone streets of Saint Petersburg? Or maybe you’re coming to study or work in Russia? Whatever your goal is, knowing useful Russian phrases for tourists will make your life easier in this snowy country.
If you’ve had trouble finding travel guides when having road trips in Russia, look no further. RussianPod101.com is here to help you learn Russian travel phrases in English, so that your stay in Russia will be much more enjoyable and comfortable.
Please note that hotel staff in Russia usually speak English, so we’re not going to cover hotel phrases in this article. But once you leave your hotel, it’ll become a little bit trickier to find a person who knows English. In Moscow and Saint-Petersburg you’ll probably find an English-speaking person to help you out, but in smaller cities this becomes a real challenge. Thus, it’s definitely good to know at least a few Russian language travel phrases.
So, let’s get started with common phrases in Russian for travelers in our Russian travel phrases guide!
Table of Contents
- Basic Russian Phrases for Travel
- Transport
- Shopping
- Restaurant Phrases
- Asking for and Giving Directions
- Emergencies
- Flattery Phrases
- Useful Phrases to Go through Language Problems
- Conclusion
1. Basic Russian Phrases for Travel
Even if your language skills are poor—or if you’ve just opened this article in a last attempt to learn at least a couple of the most important words—then you’ve come to the right place! These fifteen basic Russian language travel phrases are just enough to show that you’re really trying. You may also gain a few points in the eyes of Russian people.
1- Спасибо (Spasibo)
This means “Thank you,” and is one of the most common Russian travel phrases. You can use it in any situation, both formal and informal. For example:
Спасибо за помощь (Spasibo za pomoshch) — “Thank you for your help.”
2- Пожалуйста (Pozhaluysta)
This is translated into English as “You are welcome,” or “Please…” For example:
Пожалуйста, дайте пройти (Pozhalusta, dayte proyti) — “Please, let me walk past you.”
3- Извините (Izvinite)
This means, “Excuse me, sorry.”
When it comes to travel phrases in Russian grammar, you can also ask for forgiveness with Простите (Prostite) — “Sorry.”
Check out our article about how to say “I’m sorry” in Russian if you want to know more.
4- Привет (Privet)
That means informal “Hi.” Alternatively, Здравствуйте (Zdravstvuyte)—is formal “Hello.” If you want to know more, please, read our article about Russian ways to say Hello.
5- Пока (Poka)
This easy word is an informal way of saying, “Bye.” Don’t hesitate to use it with people your age or younger when you meet them while traveling. For older people, use the formal До свидания (Do svidaniya) — “Goodbye. ”
6- Да (Da)
This simply means, “Yes.” An important word to remember, isn’t it?
You can emphasize your answer by adding Хорошо (Khorosho), meaning “Good,” so it sounds like Да, хорошо (Da, khorosho), meaning “Yes, okay.”
Or you can add “of course”: Да, конечно! (Da, konechno!), meaning “Yes, sure!” or “Yes, of course!”
7- Нет (Net)
This simple means, “No.” You can make your refusal more polite by adding words of gratitude: Нет, спасибо (Net, spasibo) — “No, thank you.”
8- Вы не могли бы меня сфотографировать (Vy ni mogli by menya sfotografirovat’)
This important phrase for every traveler means, “Please, could you take a picture of me.” If you wanna take a picture with other people, use Вы не могли бы нас сфотографировать (Vy ni mogli by nas sfotografirovat’), meaning “Please, could you take a picture of us.”
9- Я не говорю по-русски (Ya ne govoryu po-russki)
This basic Russian travel phrase means, “I don’t speak Russian.” It’s a nice phrase to know even if you do know Russian, right? To get rid of annoying salespeople. ;-)
10- Хорошо (Khorosho)
This means “Good.” If things go better than good, use Отлично! (Otlichno!), meaning “Great! Perfect!” We hope that your Russian trip goes отлично!
Learn more conversational phrases from our vocabulary list.
By the way, do you know what the Russian word for “travel” is? It’s путешествовать (puteshestvovat’).
2. Transport
Transportation is one of the most vital aspects of a trip to anywhere, making Russian phrases for traveling related to this so important. Let’s look at some Russian travel words and phrases to help you find your way around Russia.
1- Taxi Phrases
Taxis are a popular way of transportation in Russia. Be aware of stopping the car on the street, because there are plenty of cases of robberies and fraudulent actions. The best way to order a taxi is through an app or by calling a taxi company. The prices will be absolutely the same as the prices of cars you stop on the street, and most of the time even lower.
You can use Uber or Yandex taxis (which works the same way as Uber). If you’re in a small city, you’ll probably be able to use either Uber or Yandex as well, but there might be less cars available, so give yourself a time cushion to account for searching for one. Or ask your friends or fellow travelers for a local taxi app.
Here are the phrases that will help you communicate with the driver:
- Мне нужно доехать до… (Mne nuzhno doyekhat’ do…) — “I need to get to… [location].” Use this phrase when you need to get somewhere using a transportation service.
- Остановите, пожалуйста… (Ostanovite, pozhaluysta…) — “Please, stop…” After that, add where you want to stop:
- …на остановке (…na ostanovke) — “…at the public transport stop.”
- …за перекрестком (…za perekryostkom) — “…after the crossroads.”
- …у светофора (…u svetofora) — “…near the traffic light.”
- …у следующего подъезда (…u sleduyushchego pod’yezda) — “…near the next entrance.”
- …у того подъезда (…u togo pod’yezda) — “…near that entrance.”
- …прямо здесь (…pryamo zd’es’) — “…right here.”
- …у того магазина (…u togo magazina) — “…on the public transport stop.”
- Можно остановить тут (Mozhno ostanovit’ tut) — “You can stop here.”
- Остановите, пожалуйста, чуть подальше (Ostanovite, pozhaluysta, chut’ podal’she) — “Please, stop a little bit further.”
2- Bus/Trolleybus/Tram/Metro Phrases
There are several means of public transportation in Russia—trams, trolleybuses, buses, and the metro. Use the following phrases to ensure that you don’t miss the right stop and to be polite during your ride:
- На какой остановке мне выходить? (Na kakoy ostanovke mne vykhodit’?) — “On which stop should I get off?”
- Подскажите, пожалуйста, какая следующая остановка? (Podskazhite, pozhaluysta, kakaya sleduyishchaya ostanovka?) — “Please, could you tell me what the next stop is?”
- Какая это остановка? (Kakaya eto ostanovka?) — “What stop is it now?”
- Сколько остановок до…? (Skol’ko ostanovok do…?) — “How many stops until… [location]?”
- Садитесь, пожалуйста (Sadites’, pozhaluysta) — “Sit, please.”
- In Russia, it’s considered polite to give up your seat for old people, pregnant ladies, and parents with little kids. It also looks really chivalrous when a guy gives up his seat for a girl.
Also, there’s one interesting means of public transport that’s not very common in other countries. It’s called маршрутка (marshrutka) — “route taxi.” It works like a shared taxi or a small bus, which drives along one route back and forth. Usually, it’s slightly more expensive than a bus/tram/trolleybus, but moves faster. It usually doesn’t stop on every public transport stop, so you’ll need to ask for a stop:
- На остановке остановите, пожалуйста… (Na ostanovke ostanovite, pozhaluysta…) — “Please, stop on the (next; nearest) public transport stop.”
- Use the phrase right before the needed stop. Remember to shout loud so the driver hears you. Don’t hesitate to shout one more time, if the driver has missed the stop and keeps driving: Остановите, пожалуйста! (Ostanovite, pozhaluysta!) — “Please, stop!”
To make public transportation more predictable, use the app Yandex Transport. After you set the starting point and final point of the route, the app shows you the fastest way to get there with the numbers of buses/route taxis/trams/trolleybuses needed. In big cities, such as Moscow and Saint Petersburg, you’ll also be able to see on the map where the needed bus is and how many minutes it will be until it arrives.
3- Suburban Train Phrases
If you want to travel between cities, especially if they’re four hours (or less) away from each other, consider taking a suburban sitting train. It’s usually quite cheap and fast. Unfortunately, for now you can’t buy a ticket online. You’ll have to buy a ticket at a ticket window or from a ticket machine. These are usually located on the way to the station before the security turnstile, or right at the station if it’s a smaller station. In 90% of stations, especially big ones, you’ll be able to pay by card.
These phrases will be useful for you:
- Электричка (Elektrichka) — “Suburban electric train.”
- Сколько стоит билет до…? (Skol’ko stoit bilet do…?) — “How much is the ticket to… [location]?”
- До…, пожалуйста (Do…, pozhaluysta) — “Ticket to… [location], please.”
- Где я могу купить билет на электричку? (Gde ya mogu kupit’ bilet na elektrichku?) — “Where can I buy a ticket on a suburban train?”
- Подскажите, пожалуйста, где туалет? (Podskazhite, pozhaluysta, gde tualet?) — “Please, tell me which way the bathroom is.”
4- Sleeping Train Phrases
Usually, tickets to sleeping trains are bought online, but you can also buy them at the ticket window on the station in advance.
While you’re on the train, you’ll probably have some questions. These phrases will help you deal with most of the situations that might occur:
- Когда мы приедем? (Kogda my priyedem?) — “When will we arrive?”
- Это какая станция? (Eto kakaya stantsiya?) — “What station is this?”
- Сколько стоим на этой станции? (Skol’ko stoim na etoy stantsii?) — “How long will we stay on this station?”
- У вас есть зарядка для… (U vas est’ zaryadka dlya…?) — “Do you have a charger for…?” (Where the blank space is the model of the phone.)
- …такого телефона? (…takogo telefona?) — “…this kind of the phone?” After that, show your phone.
- …Айфона? (…Ayfona?) — “…iPhone?”
- …Самсунга? (…Samsunga?) — “…Samsung?”
- Как пройти в вагон-ресторан? (Kak proyt’i v vagon-restoran?) — “How can I get to the restaurant-carriage?”
- Где можно покурить? (Gde mozhno pokurit’?) — “Where could I smoke?”
- Курить запрещено (Kurit’ zapreshcheno) — “Smoking is prohibited.” Usually, it’s prohibited to smoke on the trains, though people do it on stops outside.
- Проводник (Provodnik) — “Train conductor.” The provodnik’s room is located at the beginning of each wagon. You can ask him any questions during your trip.The provodnik usually checks tickets, and provides bed-clothes and food if it’s included in your ticket. Most of the time, the provodnik reminds you in advance about your stop, but still be careful and in control about where you should get off the train yourself. You can also order a tea from provodnik, but be ready to pay for it:
- Сколько стоит чай? (Skol’ko stoit chay?) — “How much does the tea cost?”
- Зеленый чай (Zelyonyy chay) — “Green tea”
- Черный чай (Chyornyy chay) — “Black tea”
- Вагон (Vagon) — “Wagon.” You’ll probably buy a ticket for one of these types of wagons:
- Плацкарт (Platskart) — “Open plan carriage.” This is the cheapest kind of carriage. Open plan coach has no separate rooms.
- Купе (Kupe) — “Сompartment.” There are separate rooms in these. Each room in a compartment coach has four beds: two upper ones and two lower ones. Upper ones are usually cheaper because you need to be physically fit to climb into them.
- СВ (Es Ve) — “Sleeping wagon.” This is the most expensive type. A sleeping wagon consists of separate rooms with two beds in each room.
- Постельное белье (Postel’noye bel’yo) — “Bed-clothes.” When you’re booking the ticket, check if they provide the bed-clothes or not. If you plan to sleep during your trip, then it’s better to include it in your ticket. However, nobody will blame you if you bring and use your own bed-clothes or a sleeping bag to lower your travel expenses.
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3. Shopping
While you’re traveling, you may need to buy food from a shop, some souvenirs, or even hunt for great deals on clothes and other goods. This list has everything you need to know to feel comfortable while shopping:
- Рубль (Rubl’) — “Ruble.” This is the Russian currency. Learn more about the Ruble in our short video.
- Сколько это стоит? (Skol’ko eto stoit?) — “How much does it cost?”
- Вы не могли бы сделать скидочку? (Vy ne mogli by sdelat’ skidochku?) — “Could you give me a discount?”
- Что посоветуете? (Chto posovetuyete?) — “What would you recommend?”
- Дайте, пожалуйста, это (Dayte, pozhaluysta, eto) — “Give me this, please.”
- Картой можно оплатить? (Kartoy mozhno oplatit’?) — “Can I pay by card?”
- If you travel to smaller cities, paying by credit card might not be an option. You may hear a Russian salesperson offer you: Можете перевести на Сбербанк (Mozhete perevesti na Sberbank) — “You could transfer money to Sberbank.” This means that you can make a wire transfer to a Russian bank account.
- Sberbank is the most common bank in Russia. Please, note that if you transfer from a foreign bank account, the commission may be taken. Also, if you transfer from a Russian bank, whether Sberbank or another one, the commission might be taken as well. Please, carefully check this option with your bank in advance.
- Оплата наличными? (Oplata nalichnymi?) — “Should I pay by cash?”
Talking about prices requires knowing Russian numbers. Learn how to count in Russian and how to use these numbers in shopping phrases in our article.
4. Restaurant Phrases
Eating local food in local restaurants is usually one a “must” during a trip. And you, for sure, don’t wanna miss trying out traditional Russian food. Of course, you might have food or beverage preferences, or just want to feel free when communicating with waiters, so our list with the most important phrases will come in handy:
- Меню, пожалуйста (Menyu, pozhaluysta) — “Bring the menu, please.”
- Мне, пожалуйста, это (Mne, pozhaluysta, eto) — “Give me this one, please. ” This way, you can smartly avoid pronouncing the name of the dish. Just point to the picture, to the menu item, or to the food on the shop window.
- Воду, пожалуйста (Vodu, pozhaluysta) — “Craft beer.”
- Вода с газом (Voda s gazom) — “Sparkling water, soda.”
- Газированная вода (Gazirovannaya voda) — “Sparkling water, soda.”
- Вода без газа (Voda bez gaza) — “Still water.”
- Негазированная вода (Negazirovannaya voda) — S”till water.”
- Пиво, пожалуйста (Pivo, pozhaluysta) — “Beer, please.”
- Светлое пиво (Svetloye pivo) — “Light beer.”
- Темное пиво (Tyomnoye pivo) — “Dark beer.”
- Нефильтрованное пиво (Nefil’trovannoye pivo) — “Unfiltered beer.”
- Крафтовое пиво (Kraftovoye pivo) — “Craft beer.”
- Я вегетарианец (Ya vegetarianets) — “I’m a vegetarian.”
- Я веган (Ya vegan) — “I am vegan.” Please, note that your waiter probably won’t know the difference between being a vegan and being a vegetarian. Check out the list of ingredients on the menu carefully, and if you order a salad, ask them to bring the sauce (dressing) separately, just in case: Соус отдельно, пожалуйста (Sous otdel’no, pozhaluysta) — “Bring the sauce separately, please.”
- Я не ем мясо. Какие у вас блюда без мяса? (Ya ne yem myaso. Kakiye u vas blyuda bez myasa?) — “I don’t eat meat. Which dishes are without meat?”
- У меня аллергия на… (U menya allergiya na…) — “I’m allergic to…”
- Это очень вкусно! (Eto ochen’ vkusno!) — “It’s really tasty!”
- Официант! (Ofitsiant!) — “Waiter!”
- Посчитайте, пожалуйста (Poschitayte pozhaluysta) — “Bring the bill, please.” You’ll sound really “Russian” if you use this phrase. Literally, the translation is “Count, please.”
- Счет, пожалуйста (Shchot, pozhaluysta) — “Bill, please.”
- Оплата картой (Oplata kartoy) — “Payment by card.”
- Оплата наличными (Oplata nalichnymi) — “Payment by cash.”
If you want to feel even more confident in a Russian restaurant, check out our restaurant vocabulary list.
5. Asking for and Giving Directions
Getting lost in a foreign country is a terrifying thing. That’s why it’s important to make sure to remember basic Russian expressions—or even print them out on paper in case your phone dies:
- Где я? (Gde ya?) — “Where am I?”
- Где находится… (Gde nakhoditsya…?) — “Where is… [location] located?”
- Подскажите, пожалуйста, где ближайший туалет? (Podskazhite, pozhaluysta, gde blizhayshiy tualet?) — “Please, could you tell me where the nearest bathroom is?”
- Как мне дойти до…? (Kak mne doyti do…?) — “How can I get to… [location]?”
- Идите… (Idite…) — “Go…”
- …прямо (pryamo) — “…straight”
- …направо (napravo) — “…to the right”
- …налево (nalevo) — “…to the left”
- …туда (tuda) — “…that way”
- …сюда (syuda) — “…this way”
If you feel like going into the wild—and we know that Russian wilderness can be amazingly beautiful and attractive for hiking-lovers—study our vocabulary list with direction words that will come in handy when you use the map.
6. Emergencies
The Russian emergency number is 112. The operator will redirect your call to the police, ambulance, fire brigade, gas alarm, or rescuers.
- Помогите! (Pomogite) — “Help me!”
- Спасите! (Spasite!) — “Save me!”
- Пожар! (Pozhar!) — “Fire!”
- Вызовите скорую! (Vyzovite skoruyu!) — “Call an ambulance!”
- Здесь есть доктор? (Zdes’ yest’ doctor?) — “Is there a doctor?”
-
Я потерял свой паспорт (Ya poteryal svoy pasport) — “I’ve lost my passport.” (For a male.)
- Я потеряла свой паспорт (Ya poteryalа svoy pasport) — “I’ve lost my passport.” (For a female.)
- Я потерял свой кошелек (Ya poteryal svoy koshelyok) — “I’ve lost my purse.” (For a male.)
- Я потеряла свой кошелек (Ya poteryalа svoy koshelyok) — “I’ve lost my purse.” (For a female.)
Study our vocabulary list with more words and phrases for emergency situations.
7. Flattery Phrases
When you travel in a foreign country, you’ll probably get a chance to make new Russian friends. Learn some phrases to leave a good first impression:
- Мне нравятся русские (Mne nravyatsya russkiye) — “I like Russians.”
- Я люблю русскую еду (Ya lyublyu russkuyu yedu) — “I love Russian food.”
- Я люблю Россию (Ya lyublyu Rossiyu) — “I love Russia.”
- Я хочу быть твоим другом (Ya khochu byt’ tvoim drugom) — “I wanna be your friend.”
- У тебя есть Фейсбук или Инстаграм? (U tebya yest’ Feysbuk ili Instagram?) — “Do you have Facebook or Instagram?”
8. Useful Phrases to Go through Language Problems
Well, even if you’ve learned all the phrases above, in some situations, the phrase you need may disappear from your memory or you might not understand what that gloomy Russian is saying. Don’t worry, just use the following phrases:
- Вы говорите по-английски? (Vy govorite po-angliyski?) — “Do you speak English?”
- Я не понимаю (Ya ne ponimayu) — “I don’t understand.”
- Вы не могли бы повторить? (Vy ne mogli by povtorit’?) — “Could you repeat, please?”
- Пожалуйста, говорите помедленнее (Pozhaluysta, govorite pomedlenneye) — “Please, speak more slowly.”
- Я не говорю по-русски (Ya ne govoryu po-russki) — “I don’t speak Russian.”
- Напишите это, пожалуйста (Napishite eto, pozhaluysta) — “Write it down, please.”
- Как это читается? (Kak eto chitayetsya?) — “How do you read this?”
9. Conclusion
We hope you now know why travel phrases, to learn Russian, are so vital. Travel phrases in Russian language learning provide you with helpful information for when you’re in a pinch, and also give you cultural context to make learning easier and more relevant!
Make sure that you return to the basic Russian words for tourists list and look through it one more time, as it’s the most important part of the article. Believe me, Russian people will be kinder to you once they understand that you’ve come prepared. Having some travel phrases in your Russian vocabulary is the first step to a good first impression.
Remember that knowing and using foreign words are totally different skills. Find a Russian-speaking language partner to practice or consider taking some lessons with our MyTeacher program for Russian-learners to start using the vocabulary for free and to feel more comfortable while you’re staying in Russia. Our teachers are native Russians and they’ll help you digest the most important and useful Russian phrases for tourists.
We wish you a great Russian journey that you’ll remember with excitement for a long time!
Learn Russian Numbers: Full Guide with Interesting Exercises
There’s hardly a day that passes without numbers. Russians don’t differ that much from other nations in this area—they count money, arrange meetings for specific dates, set alarms for a specific time, count the minutes until the end of the working day… Without numbers, you wouldn’t even be able to share how old you are. In fact, without learning how to speak Russian numbers, you’ll be like a fish out of water while in Russia!
Learning numbers and getting better at using them is essential both in life and in business. This is why here at RussianPod101 we decided to teach you how to say numbers in Russian with Russian numbers’ pronunciation, and to help you practice using them right away in interesting exercises. So, let’s go ahead and start with Russian numbers 1-100, and go from there!
Table of Contents
- Learn Russian Cardinal Numbers
- Learn Russian Ordinal Numbers
- How to Give a Mobile Phone Number in Russian
- How to Talk about Prices
- How to Tell the Date in Russian
- How to Tell the Time in Russian
- Conclusion
1. Learn Russian Cardinal Numbers
1- Russian Numbers 0-10
Here are the simplest numbers in the Russian language, upon which you can build to create bigger numbers.
- 0 — ноль (nol’)
Interesting fact: There’s also a less common name for zero: нуль (nul’). Usually, it’s used in terminology. For example, равняться нулю (ravnyat’sya nulyu) means “to be equal to zero.” Most of the time, both words can be used interchangeably. However, in some expressions, only one word can be used. For example: ноль внимания (nol’ vnimaniya) which means “zero attention; no attention.”
- 1 — один (odin) Also, number one in Russian can be called раз (raz).
- 2 — два (dva)
Please note that when the numbers один (odin) meaning “one” and два (dva) meaning “two” are put before the noun, they can change their form according to the gender of the following noun (masculine, feminine, or neutral):
Masculine: один (odin); два (dva)
Feminine: одна (odna); две (dve)
Neutral: одно (odno); два (dva)
- 3 — три (tri)
- 4 — четыре (chetyre)
- 5 — пять (pyat’)
Interesting fact: Number five in Russian culture has special meaning, as it’s the highest grade in a school system. The grades usually go: two (”bad”), three (”passable”), four (”good”), and five (”excellent”).
- 6 — шесть (shest’)
- 7 — семь (sem’)
- 8 — восемь (vosem’)
- 9 — девять (devyat’)
- 10 — десять (desyat’)
Examples:
- В комнате два человека (V komnate dva cheloveka)—”There are two people in the room.”
- Она скинула пять килограммов за один месяц (Ona skinula pyat’ kilogrammov za odin mesyats)—”She has lost five kilos in one month.”
- У меня есть три желания (U menya yest’ tri zhelaniya)—”I have three wishes.”
2- Russian Numbers 11-100
- 11 — одиннадцать (odinnadtsat’)
- 12 — двенадцать (dvenadtsat’)
- 13 — тринадцать (trinadtsat’)
- 14 — четырнадцать (chetyrnadtsat’)
- 15 — пятнадцать (pyatnadtsat’)
- 16 — шестнадцать (shestnadtsat’)
- 17 — семнадцать (semnadtsat’)
- 18 — восемнадцать (vosemnadtsat’)
- 19 — девятнадцать (dev’atnadtsat’)
- 20 — двадцать (dvadtsat’)
- 30 — тридцать (tridtsat’)
- 40 — сорок (sorok)
- 50 — пятьдесят (pyat’desyat)
- 60 — шестьдесят (shest’desyat)
- 70 — семьдесят (sem’desyat)
- 80 — восемьдесят (vosem’desyat)
- 90 — девяносто (devyanosto)
- 100 — сто (sto)
Compound numerals are formed the same way as English ones are. Take a look at these examples to improve your numbers in Russian vocabulary:
- 21 — двадцать один (dvadtsat’ odin)
- 33 — тридцать три (tridtsat’ tri)
- 146 — сто сорок шесть (sto sorok shest’)
- 174 — сто семьдесят четыре (sto sem’desyat chetyre)
Examples:
- Программа загрузилась на сорок три процента (Programma zagruzilas’ na sorok tri protsenta) — “The program has downloaded on forty-three percent.”
- Я эту книгу и за сто лет не прочитаю! (Ya etu knigu i za sto let ne prochitayu) — “I won’t be able to finish this book even in one hundred years!”
- Мне тридцать два года (Mne tridtsat’ dva goda) — “I am thirty-two years old.”
3- Russian Numbers from 200 to 1-million
- 200 — двести (dvesti)
- 300 — триста (trista)
- 400 — четыреста (chetyresta)
- 500 — пятьсот (pyat’sot)
- 600 — шестьсот (shest’sot)
- 700 — семьсот (sem’sot)
- 800 — восемьсот (vosem’sot)
- 900 — девятьсот (devyat’sot)
- 1000 — тысяча (tysyacha or tyshcha) or одна тысяча (odna tysyacha). The shorter version is used in spoken language.
- 2000 — две тысячи (dve tysyachi or dve tyshchi)
- 3000 — три тысячи (tri tysyachi or tri tyshchi)
- 100,000 — сто тысяч (sto tysyach or sto tyshch)
- 1,000,000 — миллион (milion)
Examples:
- На митинг пришло тысяча человек (Na miting prishlo tysyacha chelovek) — “One-thousand people came to the public gathering.”
- У меня зарплата семьдесят тысяч рублей в месяц (U menya zarplata sem’desyat tysyach rubley v mesyats) — “My salary is 70,000 rubles per month.”
Great! Now you know how to say Russian Cardinal numbers! We advise you to work on your pronunciation in our voice recording exercise. You can also get a better idea of how to pronounce Russian numbers by visiting our relevant vocabulary list, where you can find many numbers accompanied by an audio of their pronunciation.
2. Learn Russian Ordinal Numbers
For the next part of this numbers in Russian lesson, we’ll go over Russian ordinal numbers.
Russian ordinal numbers behave like an adjective in a sentence. Its ending changes according to the gender of the following noun (masculine, feminine, neutral, or plural). In Russian dictionaries, adjectives are usually given in the masculine form:
- Первый (pervyy) — “the first”
- Второй (vtoroy) — “the second”
- Третий (tretiy) — “the third”
- Четвертый (chetvyortyy) — “the fourth”
- Пятый (pyatyy) — “the fifth”
- Шестой (shestoy) — “the sixth”
- Седьмой (sed’moy)— “the seventh”
- Восьмой (vos’moy) — “the eighth”
- Девятый (devyatyy) — “the ninth”
- Десятый (desyatyy) — “the tenth”
- Одиннадцатый (odinnadtsatyy) — “the eleventh.” Please note that the letter д in the number одиннадцатый and in the following numbers is not pronounced.
- Двенадцатый (dvenadtsatyy) — “the twelfth”
- Тринадцатый (trinadtsatyy) — “the thirteenth”
- Четырнадцатый (chetyrnadtsatyy) — “the fourteenth”
- Пятнадцатый (pyatnadtsatyy) — “the fifteenth”
- Шестнадцатый (shestnadtsatyy) — “the sixteenth”
- Семнадцатый (semnadtsatyy) — “the seventeenth”
- Восемнадцатый (vosemnadtsatyy) — “the eighteenth”
- Девятнадцатый (devyatnadtsatyy) — “the nineteenth”
- Двадцатый (dvadtsatyy) — “the twentieth”
Compound numerals are formed the same way that English ones are. The first part stays a cardinal number and the second part becomes ordinal. For example:
- Двадцать первый (dvadtsat’ pervyy) — “the twenty-first”
- Тридцать второй (tridtsat’ vtoroy) — “the thirty-second”
- Сорок третий (sorok tretiy) — “the forty-third”
- Пятьдесят четвертый (pyat’desyat chetvyortyy) — “the fifty-fourth”
- Шестьдесят пятый (shest’desyat pyatyy) — “the sixty-fifth”
- Семьдесят шестой (sem’desyat shestoy) — “the seventy-sixth”
- Восемьдесят седьмой (vosem’desyat sed’moy) — “the eighty-seventh”
- Девяносто восьмой (devyanosto vos’moy) — “the ninety-eighth”
- Сто двадцать шестой (sto dvadtsat’ shestoy) — “the one-hundred twenty-sixth”
If you want to write Russian ordinal numbers with numerals, please: write a number, add a hyphen, and add the last two letters of the last number-word. For example:
- Первый (pervyy) — 1-ый — “the first”
- Второй (vtoroy) — 2-ой — “the second”
- Третий (tretiy) — 3-ий — “the third”
- Четвертый (chetvyortyy) — 4-ый — “the fourth”
- Пятый (pyatyy) — 5-ый — “the fifth”
- Девяносто восьмой (devyanosto vos’moy) — 98-ой — “the ninety-eighth”
- Сто двадцать шестой (sto dvadtsat’ shestoy) — 126-ой — “the one-hundred twenty-sixth”
Examples:
- Кто двадцать седьмой по списку? (Kto dvadtsat’ sed’moy po spisku?) — “Who is 27th on the list?”
- Я родился в тысяча девятьсот девяносто первом году (Ya rodilsya v tysyacha devyat’sot devyanosto pervom godu) — “I was born in 1991.”
Please note that Russian ordinal numbers behave exactly as adjectives in a sentence. This is why they change their case according to the case of the noun to which they belong. You can learn more about Russian cases or get a lesson in our MyTeacher program for Russian-learners to understand this difficult, but important, Russian grammar rule quickly.
3. How to Give a Mobile Phone Number in Russian
1- How to Write Russian Phone Numbers
Russian mobile phone numbers can be written in different ways:
- +7 910 098 76 54
- 79100987654
- +7-910-098-76-54
But the right way to do it looks like this: +7 (910) 098-76-54.
So, you leave a space after +7, put the next three numbers into brackets, then put another space, then put hyphens after three digits, and after the next two.
2- The Difference Between 8 and +7 in Russian Phone Numbers
Russian numbers can be given in two ways:
- 8 (910) 987-65-43
- +7 (910) 987-65-43
As you can see, the difference is only in the first number.
In the first case, it’s just восемь (vosem’), which means “eight.” In the second case, it’s + and семь (sem’), meaning “seven.” The thing is, dialing a number with 8 will work only in Russia, while 7 is an international code of Russia and will work if you call from abroad. + is the symbol for an international format of a phone number.
Exercise. Now it’s time for some Russian numbers practice. Your Russian friend gave you his phone number: 89159998877. You’re currently not in Russia. How will you dial this phone number to call him? (Write the number with brackets, spaces, and hyphens).
_________________
Answer: +7 (915) 999-88-77
3- How to Pronounce Russian Phone Numbers
When you know the rules of how to write the number correctly, it’s easy to read the number. The thing is, it’s read as it’s grouped. The first number (8 or +7) in spoken language is often skipped. If not, just read it as one simple number.
The numbers in brackets are read as one number. For example, девятьсот десять (devyat’sot desyat’) is “910.”
Then read three numbers, separated by hyphens. For example: сто тридцать один - пятьдесят семь - сорок два (sto tridtsat’ odin - pyat’desyat sem’ - sorok dva) means “131-57-42.”
If the first number of a two-digit number is zero, then read it like that: ноль семь (nol’ sem’), meaning “07.”
“+7″ is pronounced as плюс семь (plyus sem’).
Examples:
- Восемь, девятьсот девятнадцать, семсот шестьдесят четыре, ноль девять, восемнадцать (vosem’, devyat’sot devyatnadtsat’, sem’sot shest’desyat chetyre, nol’ devyat’, vosemnadtsat’) — “8 (919) 764-09-18.”
- Восемь, девятьсот восемьдесят пять, семьсот двадцать один, тридцать один, шестьдесят девять (vosem’, devyat’sot vosem’desyat pyat’, sem’sot dvadtsat’ odin, tridtsat’ 0din, shest’desyat devyat’) — “8 (985) 721-31-69.”
4. How to Talk about Prices
1- About Russian Currency
The Russian currency is called the рубль (rubl’) or “ruble” in English. The currency sign for the Russian ruble is ₽. You may also come across a Russian coin, which is called a копейка (kopeyka) or “kopeck.” There are one-hundred of them in one ruble. Kopecks are rarely used nowadays.
If you want to learn more about Russian currency, please check out our free three-minute video lesson.
2- How to Pronounce Prices in Russian
To talk about prices, use Russian Cardinal Numbers. The word рубль (rubl’) meaning “ruble” and the word копейка (kopeyka) meaning “kopeck” change their form according to the number before them. For most numbers, the form is рублей (rubley) meaning “rubles” and копеек (kopeyek) meaning “kopecks.” Let’s learn four exceptions for the numbers 1, 2, 3, and 4:
- 1 ₽ — один рубль (odin rubl’)
- 2 ₽ — два рубля (dva rublya)
- 3 ₽ — три рубля (tri rublya)
- 4 ₽ — четыре рубля (chetyre rublya)
- 1 kopeck — одна копейка (odna kopeyka)
- 2 kopecks — две копейки (dve kopeyki)
- 3 kopecks — три копейки (tri kopeyki)
- 4 kopecks — четыре копейки (chetyre kopeyki)
Compound numbers ending with 1, 2, 3, or 4 are also read with these forms. For example:
- 21 ₽ — двадцать один рубль (dvadtsat’ odin rubl’)
- 32 ₽ — тридцать два рубля (tridtsat’ dva rublya)
- 143 ₽ — сто сорок три рубля (sto sorok tri rublya)
- 1354 ₽ — тысяча триста пятьдесят четыре рубля (tysyacha trista pyat’desyat chetyre rublya)
Please remember that the numbers from 11 to 14 aren’t compound numerals, thus they’re pronounced according to the common rule:
- 11 ₽ — одиннадцать рублей (odinadtsat’ rubley)
- 12 ₽ — двенадцать рублей (dvenadtsat’ rubley)
- 13 ₽ — тринадцать рублей (trinadtsat’ rubley)
- 14 ₽ — четырнадцать рублей (chetyrnadtsat’ rubley)
Examples:
- Суп стоит двести тридцать рублей (Sup stoit dvesti tridtsat’ rubley) — “The soup costs 230 rubles.”
- С вас две тысячи двести рублей (S vas dve tysyachi dvesti rubley) — “You need to pay 2200 rubles.”
Let’s also learn the most-used Russian slang words that you may come across while talking to your Russian friends:
- Полтинник (poltinnik) — “50 rubles”
- Стольник (stol’nik); сотка (sotka); сотен (soten) — “100 rubles”
- Пятихатка (pyatikhatka) — “500 rubles”
- Косарь (kosar’); штука (shtuka); кусок (kusok) — “1000 rubles”
- Лимон (limon) — here: “1,000,000 rubles”
- Note that the word лимон (limon) usually means “lemon.”
Exercise. Write down the following prices in Russian with the correct form of the word рубль (rubl’). For example, for 1235 the answer is тысяча двести тридцать пять рублей.
- 1999
- 6507
- 9908
- 131
- 563
Answers:
- Тысяча девятьсот девяносто девять рублей
- Шесть тысяч пятьсот семь рублей
- Девять тысяч девятьсот восемь рублей
- Сто тридцать один рубль
- Пятьсот шестьдесят три рубля
5. How to Tell the Date in Russian
Russian dates are usually written in this order: day->month->year. For example, 30.01.2021.
In order to tell a date, you need to know the Russian words for months:
- Январь (yanvar’) — “January”
- Февраль (fevral’) — “February”
- Март (mart) — “March”
- Апрель (aprel’) — “April”
- Май (may) — “May”
- Июнь (iyun’) — “June”
- Июль (iyul’) — “July”
- Август (avgust) — “August”
- Сентябрь (sentyabr’) — “September”
- Октябрь (oktyabr’) — “October”
- Ноябрь (noyabr’) — “November”
- Декабрь (dekabr’) — “December”
When you tell the day, you need to use Russian ordinal numbers.
In order to tell the date, use the Genitive case for the name of the month and the number of the year.
Examples:
- 01.01.2003
- первое января две тысячи третьего года
- pervoye yanvarya dve tysyachi tret’yego goda
- “The first of January 2003″
- 23.02.1984
- двадцать третье февраля тысяча девятьсот восемьдесят четвертого года
- dvadtsat’ tret’ye fevralya tysyacha devyat’sot vosem’desyat chetvyortogo goda
- “The twenty-third of February 1984″
Exercise. Read the following dates and write them down in numbers. (Remember to keep the Russian date format.)
- Седьмое октября тысяча девятьсот пятьдесят второго года.
- Девятое мая тысяча девятьсот сорок пятого года.
Answers:
- 07.10.1952
By the way, this is the birthday of Russian president Vladimir Putin. - 09.05.1945
This is Victory Day in Russia. Every year since then, Russian people celebrate the surrender of the Nazis in the Second World War.
Try out our video exercise to practice recognizing dates.
So, now you can learn how to ask “When is your birthday?” in Russian and be absolutely sure that you won’t miss this most important event in the life of your partner or friend.
6. How to Tell the Time in Russian
[Полдень (Pold’in’) — “Midday”
Полночь (Polnach) — “Midnight”]
When Russians talk about time, they usually use the 24-hour format or add the words morning, day, evening, or night to the 12-hour format.
Let’s start with some vocabulary that you’ll definitely need to talk about time:
- Час (chas) — “hour”
- Минута (minuta) — “minute”
- Утро (utro) — “morning”
- День (den’) — “day”
- Вечер (vecher) — “evening”
- Ночь (noch’) — “night”
- Половина (polovina) — here: “half an hour to”
- Пол- (pol-) — here: “half an hour to”
- Четверть (chetvert’) — here: “quarter past”
- Без четверти (bez chetverti) — here: “quarter to”
- Без… мин ут… (bez… minut…) — here: “without… minutes to…”
- Ровно (rovno) — “exactly”
- Почти (pochti) — “almost”
So, the easiest way to tell the time is to say the hour first, followed by the minutes:
- Сейчас 7:23 (Seychas sem’ dvadtsat’ tri) — “Now it is 7:23.”
- Please note that in this case, you understand whether it’s morning or evening only from the context.
- Давай встретимся в шесть (Davay vstretimsya v shest’) — “Let’s meet at six o’clock.”
You can add the words “morning,” “day,” “evening,” or night to the time to be more exact:
- У нас будет встреча в 8 утра по Москве (U nas budet vstrecha v vosem’ utra po Moskve) — “We’ll have a meeting at eight a.m. Moscow time.”
- Мне кто-то позвонил в час ночи (Mne kto-to pozvonil v chas nochi) — “Somebody called me at one a.m..”
Or, you can use other words from our vocabulary list to sound like a real Russian:
- Пойдем на обед в половине первого? (Poydyom na obed v polovine pervogo?) — “Let’s go for lunch half an hour to one.”
- В полседьмого у меня тренировка (V polsed’mogo u menya trenerovka) — “I’m having a workout at half an hour to seven.”
- Давай встретимся у входа в кафе в четверть третьего (Davay vstretimsya u vkhoda v kafe v chetvert’ tret’yego) — “Let’s meet near the coffeeshop entrance at 2:15.”
- Без четверти четыре я был уже на месте (Bez chetverti chetyre ya byl uzhe na meste) — “I was already there a quarter to four.”
- Сейчас ровно десять (Seychas rovno desyat’) — “It’s ten o’clock sharp.”
- Сейчас уже почти три (Seychas uzhe pochti tri) — “It’s already almost three o’clock.”
Exercise. Decipher the time from Russian into the 24-hour format. For example, for ровно 7 вечера, the answer would be 19:00.
- Без трёх минут шесть утра
- Ровно десять вечера
- Полвосьмого утра
- Половина второго дня
- Шестнадцать часов две минуты
Answers:
- 5:57
- 22:00
- 7:30
- 13:30
- 16:02
7. Conclusion
Now you know how to tell the date, name a price, and set a time with Russian numbers. That’s a huge part of the Russian learning, so congrats! What do you think of our numbers in Russian course lesson?
Of course, such a broad and important topic requires a lot of practice to master. You can torture your Russian friend with it. :) Or consider taking some lessons with our MyTeacher program for Russian learners. Our professional teachers will not only explain this topic to you again, but also help you to start using and recognizing the numbers in writing and speech easily.
RussianPod101.com is here to guide you through every step of your language-learning journey!
How To Post In Perfect Russian on Social Media
You’re learning to speak Russian, and it’s going well. Your confidence is growing! So much that you feel ready to share your experiences on social media—in Russian.
At Learn Russian, we make this easy for you to get it right the first time. Post like a boss with these phrases and guidelines, and get to practice your Russian in the process.
1. Talking about Your Restaurant Visit in Russian
Eating out is fun, and often an experience you’d like to share. Take a pic, and start a conversation on social media in Russian. Your friend will be amazed by your language skills…and perhaps your taste in restaurants!
Pasha eats at a restaurant with his friends, posts an image of it, and leaves this comment:
POST
Let’s break down Pasha’s post.
Ужин с лучшими друзьями. (Uzhin s luchshimi druz’yami.)
“Dinner with best friends.”
1- Ужин (Uzhin)
First is an expression meaning “Dinner.”
The word “ужин” is a masculine noun and has 3 meanings: 1. food, prepared for the evening meal 2. a meal taken in the evening. 3. a banquet or formal meal in honor of a person or event. The origin of “ужин” is unclear, however, some linguists suppose it is connected with the latin words “southern” and “midday”. You can also find related words in Polish, Bulgarian and Slovenian languages.
2- с лучшими друзьями (s luchshimi druz`yami)
Then comes the phrase - “with the best friends.”
Friendship is very important for Russians. In Russian culture all friends are divided into normal friends and best friends. It is considered that every person should have no more than 3-4 best friends. For friends in Russia it is commonplace to complain to each other about how severe life is, or to rely on friends to help solve one’s problems.
COMMENTS
In response, Pasha’s friends leave some comments.
1- Я тоже хочу к вам! (Ya tozhe khochu k vam!)
His girlfriend, Marina, uses an expression meaning - “I also want to join you!”
Marina would love to join the fun, and states it clearly.
2- Выглядит аппетитно. (Vyglyadit appetitno.)
His neighbor, Ira, uses an expression meaning - “Looks delicious.”
Ira comments on what the food looks like in a simple, easy comment.
3- Это вы где? (Eto vy gde?)
His supervisor, Ivan Petrovich, uses an expression meaning - “This is where are you?”
Ivan is making conversation with this question.
4- Хорошо вам посидеть! (Khorosho vam posidet’!)
His girlfriend’s high school friend, Oksana, uses an expression meaning - “Wish you a good time!”
Oksana extends a warm wish, a sweet way to be part of a conversation.
VOCABULARY
Find below the key vocabulary for this lesson:
So, let’s practice a bit. If a friend posted something about having dinner with friends, which phrase would you use?
Now go visit a Russian restaurant, and wow the staff with your language skills!
2. Post about Your Mall Visit in Russian
Another super topic for social media is shopping—everybody does it, most everybody loves it, and your friends on social media are probably curious about your shopping sprees! Share these Russian phrases in posts when you visit a mall.
Marina shop with her sister at the mall, posts an image of it, and leaves this comment:
POST
Let’s break down Marina’s post.
Лучший допинг - это шоппинг! (Luchshiy doping - eto shopping!)
“The best doping is shopping!”
1- Лучший допинг - (Luchshiy doping - )
First is an expression meaning “The best doping.”
Here, the word “допинг” (doping) is used in an indirect way. In Russian, “допинг” can also mean something that stimulates creativity, a burst of energy. It is not necessarily because of drugs.
2- это шоппинг (eto shopping)
Then comes the phrase - “is shopping.”
Here, we have the masculine noun “шоппинг”, which came to Russian from English and means the same as “shopping”.
COMMENTS
In response, Marina’s friends leave some comments.
1- Что, снова нечего надеть? (Chto, snova nechego nadet’?)
Her nephew, Yura, uses an expression meaning - “What, again nothing to wear?”
Use this expression to show you are feeling cynical.
2- Где-то распродажи? (Gde-to rasprodazhi?)
Her boyfriend’s high school friend, Anya, uses an expression meaning - “Sales somewhere?”
Anya needs more information, so she asks this question. Questions are great conversation-starters.
3- Что купили? (Chto kupili?)
Her boyfriend, Pasha, uses an expression meaning - “What did you buy?”
Pasha is curious about his girlfriend’s purchase, so he asks this question.
4- Возьмите меня с собой! (Voz’mite menya s soboy!)
Her high school friend, Oksana, uses an expression meaning - “Take me with you!”
Oksana wishes she was with Marina! A fun, light expression.
VOCABULARY
Find below the key vocabulary for this lesson:
So, if a friend posted something about going shopping, which phrase would you use?
3. Talking about a Sport Day in Russian
Sportz events, whether you’re the spectator or the sports person, offer fantastic opportunity for great social media posts. Learn some handy phrases and vocabulary to start a sport-on-the-beach conversation in Russian.
Pasha plays with his friends at the beach, posts an image of it, and leaves this comment:
POST
Let’s break down Pasha’s post.
Мы победим! (My pobedim!)
“We’ll win!”
1- Мы (My)
First is an expression meaning “We.”
Here we have the pronoun that means the same as the English word “we”.
2- победим (pobedim)
Then comes the phrase - “will win.”
The word “победим” means “will win” in the future tense, and derives from the word “победа” - victory.
COMMENTS
In response, Pasha’s friends leave some comments.
1- Удачи! (Udachi!)
His girlfriend, Marina, uses an expression meaning - “Good luck!”
Sweet Marina is sure to encourage her boyfriend with this wish!
2- Какой счёт? (Kakoy shchyot?)
His supervisor, Ivan Petrovich, uses an expression meaning - “What`s the score?”
Ivan wants to know more details, showing his interest in the conversation.
3- Продули или нет? (Produli ili net?)
His girlfriend’s nephew, Yura, uses an expression meaning - “Lost or not?”
Yura is also curious about the score.
4- Надеюсь, не будет дождя. (Nadeyus’, ne budet dozhdya.)
His high school friend, Anya, uses an expression meaning - “I hope there won’t be rain.”
Anya is expressing a hope regarding weather that could affect the game. She’s showing that she’s interested in Pasha’s conversation.
VOCABULARY
Find below the key vocabulary for this lesson:
Which phrase would you use if a friend posted something about sports?
But sport is not the only thing you can play! Play some music, and share it on social media.
4. Share a Song on Social Media in Russian
Music is the language of the soul, they say. So, don’t hold back—share what touches your soul with your friends!
Marina shares a song she just heard at a party, posts an image of the artist, and leaves this comment:
POST
Let’s break down Marina’s post.
Рекомендую! (Rekomenduyu!)
“My recommendation!”
1- Рекомендую! (Rekomenduyu!)
Literally, this word means “I recommend”. As you know, all Russian verbs undergo conjugation depending on person and number. Therefore, in daily speech Russians can omit pronouns, as it is clear to them whom the verb is referring to. Use this pattern when you want to give your recommendations to your friends.
COMMENTS
In response, Marina’s friends leave some comments.
1- Классная песня! (Klassnaya pesnya!)
Her high school friend, Oksana, uses an expression meaning - “Cool song!”
WIth this post, Oksana shows that she knows the song and agrees with Marina about it.
2- Мне тоже нравится. (Mne tozhe nravitsya.)
Her neighbor, Ira, uses an expression meaning - “I also like it.”
Ira shares the same as Oksana with this comment.
3- А по-моему, не очень. (A po-moyemu, ne ochen’.)
Her boyfriend, Pasha, uses an expression meaning - “In my opinion, it’s not so good.”
Pasha qualifies that the statement is his opinion, and then shares that he doesn’t think it to be very good. All well here - it is delivered respectfully and pleasantly.
4- И как такое может кому-то нравиться. (I kak takoye mozhet komu-to nravit’sya.)
Her nephew, Yura, uses an expression meaning - “I can’t believe someone likes it!”
Yura doesn’t hold back on his dislike, though. This type of comment is probably best reserved for friends and family who knows you very well! Otherwise, it could come across as criticism and disrespectful. On the other hand it could mean that Marina’s nephew is teasing here; only they will know.
VOCABULARY
Find below the key vocabulary for this lesson:
Which song would you share? And what would you say to a friend who posted something about sharing music or videos?
Now you know how to start a conversation about a song or a video on social media!
5. Russian Social Media Comments about a Concert
Still on the theme of music—visiting live concerts and shows just have to be shared with your friends. Here are some handy phrases and vocab to wow your followers with in Russian!
Pasha goes to a concert, posts an image of him there, and leaves this comment:
POST
Let’s break down Pasha’s post.
Яркое событие в моей жизни. (Yarkoye sobytiye v moyey zhizni.)
“Important event in my life.”
1- Яркое событие (Yarkoye sobytiye)
First is an expression meaning: “Important event.”
The word “яркий” basically means “bright”. However, when talking about events, etc. the word “яркий” has an indirect meaning - “making a strong impression”, “not ordinary”. In our sentence, the adjective “яркий” is used in its neuter form - яркое. You can use the expression “Яркое событие” to say that there was/is/will be an event making a strong impression and even influencing something or someone.
2- в моей жизни (v moyey zhizni)
Then comes the phrase - “in my life.”
Here we have the phrase “в моей жизни” which is in the prepositional case. “В” means “in”, “моей” means “my” and “жизни” is the word for “life”.
COMMENTS
In response, Pasha’s friends leave some comments.
1- Фотки в студию. (Fotki v studiyu.)
His college friend, Denis, uses an expression meaning - “Show the pictures! (lit. present the pictures to everyone.)”
Denis is enthusiastic and wants to see more of this event.
2- И ты не сказал, что идёшь?? (I ty ne skazal, chto idyosh’??)
His girlfriend’s high school friend, Oksana, uses an expression meaning - “And you didn’t say that you’re going to go??”
Oksana seems indignant that Pasha wasn’t forthcoming with information about his attending this concert.
3- Одна из моих любимых групп. (Odna iz moikh lyubimykh grupp.)
His high school friend, Anya, uses an expression meaning - “One of my favorite bands.”
She partakes in the conversation by sharing a personal preference.
4- Концерт был супер! (Kontsert byl super!)
His girlfriend, Marina, uses an expression meaning - “The concert was great!”
Marina shares an opinion about the concert - good for conversation!
VOCABULARY
Find below the key vocabulary for this lesson:
If a friend posted something about a concert , which phrase would you use?
6. Talking about an Unfortunate Accident in Russian
Oh dear. You broke something by accident. Use these Russian phrases to start a thread on social media. Or maybe just to let your friends know why you are not contacting them!
Marina accidentally breaks her mobile phone, and leaves this comment:
POST
Let’s break down Marina’s post.
Телефон сломался… (Telefon slomalsya…)
“Phone is broken…”
1- Телефон (Telefon)
First is an expression meaning “Phone.”
You can use this word to talk about any phone: mobile, home phone or public phone. In daily speech it can also be used in the meaning of “phone number”. For example: “Give me your phone number” in Russian is “Дай мне свой телефон” (Day mne svoy telefon).
2- сломался (slomalsya)
Then comes the phrase - “is broken.”
You can use this verb to say that something no longer works, was broken, or broke down. In Russian, you can also use this verb to describe a person who lost strength, will, power, or is weak physically or mentally because of hard life circumstances. Russians often say: “Он сломался” (on slomalsya). - He cracked (under pressure).
COMMENTS
In response, Marina’s friends leave some comments.
1- Его можно починить. (Yego mozhno pochinit’.)
Her boyfriend, Pasha, uses an expression meaning - “It can be repaired.”
Pasha seems to feel positive that the event is not so serious.
2- Как это случилось? (Kak eto sluchilos’?)
Her neighbor, Ira, uses an expression meaning - “How did it happen? (Kak eto sluchilos’?)”
Ira would like more detail by asking this question. Questions are great to keep a conversation going on social media.
3- Хороший повод купить новый. (Khoroshiy povod kupit’ novyy.)
Her high school friend, Oksana, uses an expression meaning - “That’s a good reason to buy a new one.”
Oksana’s opinion differs from Pasha, and her comment is also slightly more positive!
4- Всё, что ни делается, всё к лучшему! (Vsyo, chto ni delayetsya, vsyo k luchshemu!)
Her boyfriend’s high school friend, Anya, uses an expression meaning - “Things work out for the best.”
Anya chooses to leave an encouraging, if not somewhat philosophical opinion.
VOCABULARY
Find below the key vocabulary for this lesson:
If a friend posted something about having broken something by accident, which phrase would you use?
So, now you know how to describe an accident in Russian. Well done!
7. Chat about Your Boredom on Social Media in Russian
Sometimes, we’re just bored with how life goes. And to alleviate the boredom, we write about it on social media. Add some excitement to your posts by addressing your friends and followers in Russian!
Pasha gets bored at home, and leaves this comment:
POST
Let’s break down Pasha’s post.
Скучно… (Skuchno…)
“Bored…”
1- Скучно… (Skuchno…)
“Скучно” is an adjective. You can use it to express that you are bored right now or that an action or process is boring. To say “I am bored” in Russian, just add the pronoun “me” in the dative case, which is “мне”, so it will become “Мне скучно”.
COMMENTS
In response, Pasha’s friends leave some comments.
1- По пивку? (Po pivku?)
His college friend, Denis, uses an expression meaning - “Let’s drink (beer)?”
Denis has a solution to Pasha’s predicament that guys usually like.
2- Я знаю неподалёку одно хорошее местечко. (Ya znayu nepodalyoku odno khorosheye mestechko.)
His girlfriend’s nephew, Yura, uses an expression meaning - “I know a good place not far away.”
Yura pipes in to support Denis’ idea, offering information.
3- Присоединюсь к вам после работы. (Prisoyedinyus’ k vam posle raboty.)
His girlfriend’s high school friend, Oksana, uses an expression meaning - “I’ll join you after work.”
Oksana seems keen to join the guys drinking beer to alleviate boredom.
4- Работа - лучшее лекарство от скуки. (Rabota - luchsheye lekarstvo ot skuki.)
His supervisor, Ivan Petrovich, uses an expression meaning - “Work is the best medicine for boredom.”
Ivan is the first one to break this line of conversation, offering some sage advice.
VOCABULARY
Find below the key vocabulary for this lesson:
If a friend posted something about being bored, which phrase would you use?
Still bored? Share another feeling and see if you can start a conversation!
8. Exhausted? Share It on Social Media in Russian
Sitting in public transport after work, feeling like chatting online? Well, converse in Russian about how you feel, and let your friends join in!
Marina feels exhausted after a long day at work, posts an image of herself looking tired, and leaves this comment:
POST
Let’s break down Marina’s post.
Устала… (Ustala…)
“Tired…”
1- Устала (Ustala)
Here, we have the verb in the past tense - “устала”, “tired”. The ending [a] shows that this verb can be used by women. Men should say “Устал” (ustal). If you want to emphasize that you are exhausted or dead tired, you can say “Устала до смерти”, if you are a female and “Устал до смерти” if you are a male. It literally means “Tired till death”, “So tired that gonna die”.
COMMENTS
In response, Marina’s friends leave some comments.
1- Береги себя. (Beregi sebya.)
Her neighbor, Ira, uses an expression meaning - “Take care of yourself.”
Ira offers warmhearted advice.
2- Давай приезжай домой поскорее. (Davay priyezzhay domoy poskoreye.)
Her boyfriend, Pasha, uses an expression meaning - “Come back home as soon as possible.”
Does Pasha have a surprise for his tired girlfriend, perhaps…?!
3- Может, возьмёшь такси? (Mozhet, voz’myosh’ taksi?)
Her neighbor, Ira, uses an expression meaning - “Maybe you could take a taxi?”
Ira also offers advice, thinking that a taxi-ride may be less tiring for the tired Marina.
4- Ничего не поделаешь - работа есть работа. (Nichego ne podelayesh’ - rabota yest’ rabota.)
Her nephew, Yura, uses an expression meaning - “There’s nothing we can do - a job is a job.”
Yura feels he needs to explain that fatigue is an inevitable part of work life. He is perhaps younger and wants to partake in the conversation.
VOCABULARY
Find below the key vocabulary for this lesson:
If a friend posted something about being exhausted, which phrase would you use?
Now you know how to say you’re exhausted in Russian! Well done.
9. Talking about an Injury in Russian
So life happens, and you manage to hurt yourself during a soccer game. Very Tweet-worthy! Here’s how to do it in Russian.
Pasha suffers a painful injury during a soccer game, posts an image of it, and leaves this comment:
POST
Let’s break down Pasha’s post.
Растянул лодыжку (Rastyanul lodyzhku.)
“I sprained my ankle.”
1- Растянул (rastyanul)
First is an expression meaning “sprained.”
You can use this verb not only when talking about an injury caused by a sudden movement, but also in the meaning “to make something longer or wider without tearing or breaking. ”
2- лодыжку (loduzhku)
Then comes the phrase - “ankle.”
Here, we have the word “лодыжка” in the accusative case, which means “ankle.”
COMMENTS
In response, Pasha’s friends leave some comments.
1- Боевая травма? (Boyevaya travma?)
His girlfriend, Marina, uses an expression meaning - “Fight trauma?”
Marina seems to be joking here with Pasha, wondering if he sustained this injury in a fight.
2- Может, в больницу? (Mozhet, v bol’nitsu?)
His neighbor, Ira, uses an expression meaning - “Maybe you should go to the hospital?”
Ira is more concerned for his well being and wonders if he needs medical attention.
3- Это полуболь, у тебя ещё есть вторая нога. (Eto polubol’, u tebya yeshchyo yest’ vtoraya noga.)
His college friend, Denis, uses an expression meaning - “You have half the pain because your other leg is healthy.”
Denis is also trying to alleviate his friend’s suffering with a joke.
4- Боль в ноге делает мир мрачным. (Bol’ v noge delayet mir mrachnym.)
His girlfriend’s high school friend, Oksana, uses an expression meaning - “The pain in his leg makes the world dark.”
Oksana uses this comment to show her sympathy with Pasha’s pain.
VOCABULARY
Find below the key vocabulary for this lesson:
If a friend posted something about being injured, which phrase would you use?
We love to share our fortunes and misfortunes; somehow that makes us feel connected to others.
10. Starting a Conversation Feeling Disappointed in Russian
Sometimes things don’t go the way we planned. Share your disappointment about this with your friends!
Marina feels disappointed about today’s weather, posts an image of it, and leaves this comment:
POST
Let’s break down Marina’s post.
Погода ужасная. (Pogoda uzhasnaya.)
“The weather is awful.”
1- Погода (Pogoda)
First is an expression meaning “The weather .”
Here, we have the word “погода”, which means the same as the English word “weather”.
2- ужасная (uzhasnaya)
Then comes the phrase - “is awful.”
The feminine adjective “ужасная” means “awful”. The masculine adjective is “ужасный”. Just put the appropriate noun of masculine or feminine gender to express your opinion about an “awful character”, an “awful day” and even an “awful person”.
COMMENTS
In response, Marina’s friends leave some comments.
1- Надоел дождь. (Nadoyel dozhd’.)
Her high school friend, Oksana, uses an expression meaning - “I’m tired of rain.”
Oksana shares a personal feeling about the weather - a good way to make conversation.
2- Никуда не хочется выходить. (Nikuda ne khochetsya vykhodit’.)
Her neighbor, Ira, uses an expression meaning - “I don’t want to go out anywhere.”
Ira continues to elaborate on why rainy days suck.
3- Льёт как из ведра. (L’yot kak iz vedra.)
Her boyfriend, Pasha, uses an expression meaning - “It’s raining cats and dogs.”
Pasha does the same as the others, but he uses a common expression that means the same in English as in Russian - it rains a big lot!
4- Можно посмотреть телик или почитать книжку. (Mozhno posmotret’ telik ili pochitat’ knizhku.)
Her nephew, Yura, uses an expression meaning - “You can watch TV or read a book.”
Yura feels he knows what Marina should do to alleviate her boredom, and he shares his wisdom.
VOCABULARY
Find below the key vocabulary for this lesson:
How would you comment in Russian when a friend is disappointed?
Not all posts need to be about a negative feeling, though!
11. Talking about Your Relationship Status in Russian
Don’t just change your relationship status in Settings, talk about it!
Pasha changes his status to “In a relationship”, posts an image of himself with Marina and leaves this comment:
POST
Let’s break down Pasha’s post.
Твоя любовь даёт мне крылья. (Tvoya lyubov’ dayot mne kryl’ya.)
“Your love gives me wings”
1- Твоя любовь (Tvoya lyubov`)
First is an expression meaning “Your love.”
In the Russian language, “Love” - Любовь (Lyubov`) is a common female name.
2- даёт мне крылья (dayot mne kryl`ya)
Then comes the phrase - “it gives me wings.”
You can use this expression to say that something inspires you. Just put the noun or phrase before “даёт мне крылья” to express what things or people inspire you.
COMMENTS
In response, Pasha’s friends leave some comments.
1- Кто эта счастливица? (Kto eta shchastlivitsa?)
His girlfriend’s high school friend, Oksana, uses an expression meaning - “Who’s the lucky one?”
Oksana is making fun of her friends with this comments.
2- Поздравляю! (Pozdravlyayu!)
His neighbor, Ira, uses an expression meaning - “Congratulations! ”
This is the traditional, commonly-used comment when receiving good news of this kind.
3- Ура! (Ura!)
His high school friend, Anya, uses an expression meaning - “Hurrah!”
Anya is feeling both enthusiastic and optimistic about this relationship.
4- И когда ты успеваешь… (I kogda ty uspevayesh’…)
His supervisor, Ivan Petrovich, uses an expression meaning - “And when do you have time for this…”
Ivan can be either pedantic with this comment, or he’s making fun of the two lovebirds. It would all depend on the relationship Marina and Pasha have with their supervisor.
VOCABULARY
Find below the key vocabulary for this lesson:
What would you say in Russian when a friend changes their relationship status?
Being in a good relationship with someone special is good news - don’t be shy to spread it!
12. Post about Getting Married in Russian
Wow, so things got serious, and you’re getting married. Congratulations! Or, your friend is getting married, so talk about this in Russian.
Marina is getting married to Pasha today, so she leaves this comment:
POST
Let’s break down Marina’s post.
Самое счастливое событие в моей жизни. (Samoye schastlivoye sobytiye v moyey zhizni.)
“The happiest event in my life.”
1- Самое счастливое событие (Samoye shchastlivoye sobytiye)
First is an expression meaning “The happiest event.”
A phrase commonly used to express that something important is going to happen on a certain day.
2- в моей жизни (v moyey zhizni)
Then comes the phrase - “in my life.”
Here we have the phrase “в моей жизни” which is in the prepositional case. “В” means “in”, “моей” means “my” and “жизни” is the word for “life”.
COMMENTS
In response, Marina’s friends leave some comments.
1- Счастливой семейной жизни! (Schastlivoy semeynoy zhizni!)
Her neighbor, Ira, uses an expression meaning - “Happy family life!”
Ira leaves a warm wish on her neighbour’s feed.
2- Совет да любовь! (Sovet da lyubov’!)
Her husband’s high school friend, Anya, uses an expression meaning - “May you live happily!”
Anya also wishes the couple happiness, a common comment for this occasion.
3- Ещё раз поздравляю вас! (Yeshchyo raz pozdravlyayu vas!)
Her college friend, Denis, uses an expression meaning - “Once again, congratulations!”
Denis personalizes his congratulations, probably referring to the time Pasha announced their relationship.
4- Уже решили, куда поедете в свадебное путешествие? (Uzhe reshili, kuda poyedete v svadebnoye puteshestviye?)
Her supervisor, Ivan Petrovich, uses an expression meaning - “Have you already decided where you’ll go on your honeymoon?”
Ivan makes friendly conversation with this question, showing his interest in the couple’s wellbeing.
VOCABULARY
Find below the key vocabulary for this lesson:
How would you respond in Russian to a friend’s post about getting married?
For the next topic, fast forward about a year into the future after the marriage…
13. Announcing Big News in Russian
Wow, huge stuff is happening in your life! Announce it in Russian.
Pasha is sharing the news that he and his wife are going to have a baby soon, posts an image of him and a pregnant Marina, and leaves this comment:
POST
Let’s break down Pasha’s post.
На следующей неделе стану отцом. (Na sleduyushchey nedele stanu otsom.)
“Next week I will become a father.”
1- На следующей неделе (Na sleduyushchey nedele)
First is an expression meaning “Next week.”
Here we have the phrase “на следующей неделе” which is in the prepositional case. “на” means “on”, “следующей” means “next” and “неделе” is the word for “week”.
2- стану отцом (stanu otsom)
Then comes the phrase - “I will become a father.”
In the Russian language, there are two words that mean “father”: “папа” (papa) - dad and “отец” (otets) - father. “Отец” (otets) is the formal version. “Папа” (papa) sounds more tender to native Russians.
COMMENTS
In response, Pasha’s friends leave some comments.
1- Мальчик или девочка? (Mal’chik ili devochka?)
His neighbor, Ira, uses an expression meaning - “Boy or girl?”
Ira makes conversation by wanting to know more details of the pregnancy. He also shows interest in their big life event.
2- Скоро у меня появится новый родственник. (Skoro u menya poyavitsya novyy rodstvennik.)
His nephew, Yura, uses an expression meaning - “I’m getting a new relative soon.”
Yura is enthusiastic about this fact, it seems.
3- Легких вам родов! (Lyogkikh vam rodov!)
His high school friend, Anya, uses an expression meaning - “May your childbirth be easy!”
Anya thinks of Marina and wishes her well for the birth.
4- Пусть малыш родится здоровым! (Pust’ malysh roditsya zdorovym!)
His college friend, Denis, uses an expression meaning - “I wish your baby is born healthy!”
Denis also extends a friendly, warm wish for the baby’s wellbeing.
VOCABULARY
Find below the key vocabulary for this lesson:
Which phrase would you choose when a friend announces their pregnancy on social media?
So, talking about a pregnancy will get you a lot of traction on social media. But wait till you see the responses to babies!
14. Posting Russian Comments about Your Baby
Your bundle of joy is here, and you cannot keep quiet about it! Share your thoughts in Russian.
Marina plays with her baby, posts an image of the cute little one, and leaves this comment:
POST
Let’s break down Marina’s post.
Наше маленькое чудо. (Nashe malen’koye chudo.)
“Our little miracle.”
1- Наше (Nashe)
First is an expression meaning “Our.”
Here we have the pronoun “наше”, which means “our”. You can use it only with nouns of neuter gender.
2- маленькое чудо (malen`koye chudo)
Then comes the phrase - “small miracle.”
Here we have the noun “miracle” - чудо “chudo”. It refers to a baby. You can use this word to talk about an extraordinary and remarkable event as well as about something unusual and mysterious. Russians often say : Дети - это чудо. - Kids are miracles.
COMMENTS
In response, Marina’s friends leave some comments.
1- Вылитый папа. (Vylityy papa.)
Her husband, Pasha, uses an expression meaning - “Looks like dad.”
Dad seems to be very proud, and claims that the baby inherited his looks.
2- А мне кажется, что ребёнок больше похож на маму. (A mne kazhetsya, chto rebyonok bol’she pokhozh na mamu.)
Her neighbor, Ira, uses an expression meaning - “I think the kid looks more like its mother.”
Ira doesn’t agree with Pasha, moving the conversation along nicely. This is a friendly comment.
3- Какой красивый малыш! Поздравляю! (Kakoy krasivyy malysh! Pozdravlyayu!)
Her husband’s high school friend, Anya, uses an expression meaning - “What a beautiful baby! Congratulations!”
Anya feels happy for the couple, and appreciative of the baby’s good looks. But then - all babies tend to be beautiful!
4- Как назвали? (Kak nazvali?)
Her supervisor, Ivan Petrovich, uses an expression meaning - “How did you call him? (What`s his name?)”
Ivan shows his interest in the conversation by asking a question, which is appropriate.
VOCABULARY
Find below the key vocabulary for this lesson:
If your friend is the mother or father, which phrase would you use on social media?
Congratulations, you know the basics of chatting about a baby in Russian! But we’re not done with families yet…
15. Russian Comments about a Family Reunion
Family reunions - some you love, some you hate. Share about it on your feed.
Pasha goes to a family gathering, posts an image of it, and leaves this comment:
POST
Let’s break down Pasha’s post.
Вся семья в сборе. (Vsya sem’ya v sbore.)
“The whole family is assembled. (gathered together)”
1- Вся семья (Vsya sem`ya)
First is an expression meaning “The whole family.”
Here we have the phrase “вся семья” which means “the whole family”. “Вся” means “whole” and “семья” means “family”. Russian families are basically very friendly. Children, parents, grandparents closely communicate with each other and help each other. Many children spend their summer vacations at their grandparent’s house in the village.
2- в сборе (v sbore)
Then comes the phrase - “reunion.”
This phrase literally means “is assembled”. You can use it to say that people are gathered in one place for a common purpose. One of the most common phrases in Russian is “Все в сборе” (vse v sbore) - “all are assembled.”
COMMENTS
In response, Pasha’s friends leave some comments.
1- Как родители? (Kak roditeli?)
His nephew, Yura, uses an expression meaning - “How are your parents?”
Yura shows a caring, considerate side with this comment.
2- А малыш-то подрос! (A malysh-to podros!)
His college friend, Denis, uses an expression meaning - “But the baby has grown up though!”
Denis makes an observation about the couple’s baby, making conversation by showing he paid attention to the photo.
3- Твоя мама выглядит замечательно! (Tvoya mama vyglyadit zamechatel’no!)
His supervisor, Ivan Petrovich, uses an expression meaning - “Your mother looks great!”
Ivan is showing consideration for family, and compliments Pasha’s mother to boot.
4- Передавай всем привет! (Peredavay vsem privet!)
His high school friend, Anya, uses an expression meaning - “Send my regards to everyone.”
Anya is greeting Pasha’s family, showing her interest and consideration.
VOCABULARY
Find below the key vocabulary for this lesson:
Which phrase is your favorite to comment on a friend’s photo about a family reunion?
16. Post about Your Travel Plans in Russian
So, the family are going on holiday. Do you know how to post and leave comments in Russian about being at the airport, waiting for a flight?
Marina waits at the airport for her flight, posts an image of it, and leaves this comment:
POST
Let’s break down Marina’s post.
Наконец-то отпуск! (Nakonets-to otpusk!)
“Finally vacation!”
1- Наконец-то (nakonets-ta)
First is an expression meaning “Finally.”
You can use this word to express that something has finally happened after a long wait or some difficulty.
2- отпуск (otpusk)
Then comes the phrase - “vacation.”
You can use this word only when talking about work vacations, often with pay granted to an employee. You cannot use it when talking about vacations from schools or universities.
COMMENTS
In response, Marina’s friends leave some comments.
1- Счастливого пути! (Schastlivogo puti!)
Her neighbor, Ira, uses an expression meaning - “Have a good trip!”
This is a common wish for a pleasant trip, a traditional expression when someone leaves on holiday.
2- Хорошего отдыха! (Khoroshego otdykha!)
Her high school friend, Oksana, uses an expression meaning - “Have a nice rest!”
Oksana’s wish is somewhat more personal, telling them to have a good restful time.
3- Куда летите? (Kuda letite?)
Her supervisor, Ivan Petrovich, uses an expression meaning - “Where are you flying to?”
Ivan is, as usual for him, making conversation by asking a question.
4- Когда вернётесь? (Kogda vernyotes’?)
Her college friend, Denis, uses an expression meaning - “When will you return?”
Denis is also curious about the details of the trip.
VOCABULARY
Find below the key vocabulary for this lesson:
Choose and memorize your best airport phrase in Russian!
Hopefully the rest of the trip is better!
17. Posting about an Interesting Find in Russian
So maybe you’re strolling around at the local market, and find something interesting. Here are some handy Russian phrases!
Pasha finds an unusual item at a local market, posts an image of it, and leaves this comment:
POST
Let’s break down Pasha’s post.
Решили попробовать знаменитый дуриан. (Reshili poprobovat’ znamenityy durian.)
“We’ve decided to try the famous durian.”
1- Решили попробовать (Reshii poprobovat`)
First is an expression meaning “We’ve decided to try.”
Use this pattern when you decide to try something or to taste something. If you are a man, use the verb “решил” - reshil - decided; if you are woman, use the verb “решила” - reshila - decided.
2- знаменитый дуриан (znamenityy durian)
Then comes the phrase - “the famous durian”
Here, we have the adjective “знаменитый” (znamenityy), which means “famous”, “well-known”. A durian is a tropical fruit from Asia with a spiky skin and a creamy, foul-smelling pulp inside. It is very tasty and flavorsome, despite its strong odor.
COMMENTS
In response, Pasha’s friends leave some comments.
1- И как? (I kak?)
His neighbor, Ira, uses an expression meaning - “How was it?”
Ira asks the question everyone probably wants to.
2- Я тоже его пробовал…:( (Ya tozhe yego proboval…:()
His nephew, Yura, uses an expression meaning - “I’ve also tried it…:(”
Yura shares that he has also eaten durian, and his comment seems that it wasn’t a positive experience.
3- Хорошо, что я с ним не знаком :))) (Khorosho, chto ya s nim ne znakom :))))
His college friend, Denis, uses an expression meaning - “I’m glad I’m not familiar with it :)))”
Durian shares a personal opinion.
4- Я тоже хочу попробовать. (Ya tozhe khochu poprobovat’.)
His wife, Marina, uses an expression meaning - “I also want to try.”
Marina wants to share this experience with Pasha.
VOCABULARY
Find below the key vocabulary for this lesson:
Which phrase would you use to comment on a friend’s interesting find?
Perhaps you will even learn the identity of your find! Or perhaps you’re on holiday, and visiting interesting places…
18. Post about a Sightseeing Trip in Russian
Let your friends know what you’re up to in Russian, especially when visiting a remarkable place! Don’t forget the photo.
Marina visits a famous landmark, posts an image of it, and leaves this comment:
POST
Let’s break down Marina’s post.
Статуя Великого Будды. (Statuya Velikogo Buddy.)
“Great Buddha statue.”
1- Статуя (statuya)
First is an expression meaning “Statue.”
Here, we have the word “статуя”, which means “statue”. This word comes from Latin.
2- Великого Будды (Velikogo Buddy)
Then comes the phrase - “of Great Budda.”
Russian people like to visit Asia. Some of the most popular destinations are Thailand, Pattaya and Phuket. Plenty of Russians visit this country every year.
COMMENTS
In response, Marina’s friends leave some comments.
1- Очень впечатляет! (Ochen’ vpechatlyayet!)
Her neighbor, Ira, uses an expression meaning - “Very impressive!”
Ira expresses that she’s impressed with the large Buddha statue.
2- Чувствуется мощная энергетика! (Chuvstvuyetsya moshchnaya energetika!)
Her husband’s high school friend, Anya, uses an expression meaning - “I can feel its powerful energy!”
Anya is also clearly impressed by the image.
3- Kruto, khochu tozhe tuda poyekhat’. (Kruto, khochu tozhe tuda poyekhat’.)
Her college friend, Denis, uses an expression meaning - “Cool! I also wanna go there.”
Denis is so impressed that he wants to visit the Buddha statue too.
4- Ничего особенного…Просто статуя. (Nichego osobennogo…Prosto statuya.)
Her nephew, Yura, uses an expression meaning - “Nothing special…just a statue.”
Yura seems immune to the statue’s charms, however.
VOCABULARY
Find below the key vocabulary for this lesson:
Which phrase would you prefer when a friend posts about a famous landmark?
Share your special places with the world. Or simply post about your relaxing experiences.
19. Post about Relaxing Somewhere in Russian
So you’re doing nothing yet you enjoy that too? Tell your social media friends about it in Russian!
Pasha relaxes at a beautiful place, posts an image of it, and leaves this comment:
POST
Let’s break down Pasha’s post.
Рай на земле! (Ray na zemle!)
“Heaven on the Earth!”
1- Рай (ray)
First is an expression meaning “Heaven.”
Here we have the word “рай” which in English is “paradise” or “heaven”. This word is used in daily life as well as in church affairs.
2- на земле (na zemle)
Then comes the phrase - “on the Earth.”
The Russian word “земля” is used to talk about both the Earth and the land.
COMMENTS
In response, Pasha’s friends leave some comments.
1- Больше фоток! (Bol’she fotok!)
His college friend, Denis, uses an expression meaning - “More photos!”
Denis feels positively inspired by the photo and wants to see more.
2- Потрясающе! (Potryasayushche!)
His neighbor, Ira, uses an expression meaning - “Breathtaking!”
Ira agrees with Pasha that the place looks beautiful.
3- Я вам завидую! (Ya vam zaviduyu!)
His supervisor, Ivan Petrovich, uses an expression meaning - “I envy you!”
Ivan is clear about this feelings! He is rather jealous of Pasha’s experience.
4- Красотища! (Krasotishcha!)
His high school friend, Anya, uses an expression meaning - “How nice!”
Anya is impressed by the beauty of the place.
VOCABULARY
Find below the key vocabulary for this lesson:
Which phrase would you use to comment in a friend’s feed?
The break was great, but now it’s time to return home.
20. What to Say in Russian When You’re Home Again
And you’re back! What will you share with friends and followers?
Marina returns home after a vacation, posts an image of it, and leaves this comment:
POST
Let’s break down Marina’s post.
В гостях хорошо, а дома лучше. (V gostyakh khorosho, a doma luchshe.)
“East or west, home is the best.”
1- В гостях хорошо, а дома лучше. (V gostyakh khorosho, a doma luchshe.)
This is a very famous Russian proverb. Literally, it means: “It’s good visiting someone, but home is better.” Home is the best no matter where it is. There’s no place like home.
COMMENTS
In response, Marina’s friends leave some comments.
1- Как отдохнули? (Kak otdokhnuli?)
Her neighbor, Ira, uses an expression meaning - “How was the trip?”
Ira wants to know more about the trip, a warm, friendly question to ask upon a friend’s return.
2- Жду подробного рассказа! (Zhdu podrobnogo rasskaza!)
Her college friend, Denis, uses an expression meaning - “I am looking forward to a detailed story!”
Denis is curious about the details and says so!
3- С возвращением! (S vozvrashcheniyem!)
Her nephew, Yura, uses an expression meaning - “Welcome back!”
Yura clearly missed Marina and her family.
4- Как долетели? (Kak doleteli?)
Her high school friend, Oksana, uses an expression meaning - “How was the flight?”
Oksana shows that she cares about their flight with this question.
VOCABULARY
Find below the key vocabulary for this lesson:
How would you welcome a friend back from a trip?
What do you post on social media during a religious holiday such as Easter?
21. It’s Time to Celebrate in Russian
Easter is a special day and you wish to post something about it on social media. What would you say?
Pasha posts a postcard, and leaves this comment:
POST
Let’s break down Pasha’s post.
Христос Воскресе! (Khristos Voskrese!)
“Christ is Risen!”
1- Христос Воскресе! (Khristos Voskrese!)
This is a very traditional Russian greeting on Easter morning. “Христос” means “Christ” and “Воскресе” means “is risen”. The word “Воскресе” is in old Russian and nowadays is only used in church vocabulary. The modern version is “Воскрес” (voskres).
COMMENTS
In response, Pasha’s friends leave some comments.
1- Воистину Воскресе! (Voistinu Voskrese!)
His wife, Marina, uses an expression meaning - “Truly He is risen!”
This is the traditional, commonly-used response to this greeting.
2- Всех с праздником светлой Пасхи! (Vsekh s prazdnikom svetloy Paskhi!)
His supervisor, Ivan Petrovich, uses an expression meaning - “Happy Easter to everyone!”
Ivan uses a common well-wish as a response.
3- Где планируете святить куличи? (Gde planiruyete svyatit’ kulichi?)
His wife’s high school friend, Oksana, uses an expression meaning - “Where are you planning to bless the Easter cake?”
It is customary to bless loaves of kulich (Eastern cake) during Eastern. Oksana is curious and would like more details of Marina’s plans.
4- А мы сегодня будем на службе :) (A my segodnya budem na sluzhbe :))
His high school friend, Anya, uses an expression meaning - “And we’ll visit church service today :)”
It is customary for many people to attend a church service on Easter, and Anya shares that they will be doing that.
VOCABULARY
Find below the key vocabulary for this lesson:
If a friend posted something about a holiday, which phrase would you use?
But Easter and other public commemoration days are not the only special ones to remember!
22. Posting about a Birthday on Social Media in Russian
Your friend or you are celebrating your birthday in an unexpected way. Be sure to share this on social media!
Marina goes to her birthday party, posts an image of it, and leaves this comment:
POST
Let’s break down Marina’s post.
С днем рождения меня! (S dnyom rozhdeniya menya!)
“Happy birthday to me!”
1- С днём рождения меня! (S dnyom rozhdeniya menya!)
This expression literally means “Happy birthday to me”. Russians often use it on Facebook or other social networks to inform everyone that today is their birthday. It’s like saying “yes, it is my birthday today, come congratulate me”.
COMMENTS
In response, Marina’s friends leave some comments.
1- С днем рождения! Будь счастлива и любима! (S dnyom rozhdeniya! Bud’ schastliva i lyubima!)
Her high school friend, Oksana, uses an expression meaning - “Happy birthday! Be happy and be loved!”
Oksana comments with a sweet, loving wish for her friend.
2- Мои наилучшие пожелания! Удачи во всём! (Moi nailuchshiye pozhelaniya! Udachi vo vsyom!)
Her neighbor, Ira, uses an expression meaning - “My best wishes to you! Good luck in everything!”
This is a warmhearted, friendly wish for someone on their birthday.
3- C днем варенья! (S dnyom varen’ya!)
Her husband’s high school friend, Anya, uses an expression meaning - “Happy jam-day! ”
Use this expression to sound funny. In Russian words birth and jam sound alike: рожденья (rozhden’ya) - варенья (varen’ya), so it sounds kind of funny.
4- Поздравляю! (Pozdravlyayu!)
Her husband’s college friend, Denis, uses an expression meaning - “Congratulations!”
Denis uses a short, traditional word to congratulate Marina on her birthday.
VOCABULARY
Find below the key vocabulary for this lesson:
If a friend posted something about birthday greetings, which phrase would you use?
23. Talking about New Year on Social Media in Russian
Impress your friends with your Russian New Year’s wishes this year. Learn the phrases easily!
Pasha attends New Year celebrations, posts an image of it, and leaves this comment:
POST
Let’s break down Pasha’s post.
С Новым годом! С новым счастьем! (S Novym godom! S novym schast’yem!)
“Happy New Year! With new happiness!”
1- С новым годом! (S novym godom)
First is an expression meaning “Happy New Year!.”
This is a very common greeting on New year. New year is one of the favorite holidays of Russian people. Young adults and teenagers prefer to celebrate this holiday among friends and romantic partners.
2- С новым счастьем! (S novym schast’yem)
Then comes the phrase - “With new happiness!.”
To wish “new happiness” is an old tradition. This expression means that you wish someone new happiness in addition to the happiness they already have. “New happiness” means new hopes, new plans, and new dreams that will come true during new year.
COMMENTS
In response, Pasha’s friends leave some comments.
1- Удачи и счастья в Новом году! (Udachi i schast’ya v Novom godu!)
His neighbor, Ira, uses an expression meaning - “Good luck and happiness in the New Year!”
This is another warmhearted, traditional wish for New Year, commonly used.
2- У кого какие новогодние обещания? (U kogo kakiye novogodniye obeshchaniya?)
His high school friend, Anya, uses an expression meaning - “What are your New Year’s resolutions?”
Anya makes conversation by asking this question, feeling optimistic about the New Year’s prospects.
3- Кому что Дед Мороз положил под ёлку? (Komu chto Ded Moroz polozhil pod yolku?)
His college friend, Denis, uses an expression meaning - “What did Father Frost put under the New Year’s tree for you?”
Father Frost is another name for Santa Clause, only he doesn’t visit homes on Christmas day in the Slavic countries. Denis wants to know which gifts Pasha received for New Year.
4- Помните! Новый год - не повод для обжорства! :) (Pomnite! Novyy god - ne povod dlya obzhorstva! :))
His nephew, Yura, uses an expression meaning - “Remember! New Year is not a reason for overeating! :)”
Yura feels the need to remind everyone to temper their appetites over these celebrations.
VOCABULARY
Find below the key vocabulary for this lesson:
Which is your favorite phrase to post on social media during New Year?
During the week of New Year, which is celebrated from January 1 till 8, comes another important day…
24. What to Post on Christmas Day in Russian
What will you say in Russian about Christmas?
Marina celebrates Christmas with her family, posts an image of it, and leaves this comment:
POST
Let’s break down Marina’s post.
С Рождеством Христовым! (S Rozhdestvom Khristovym!)
“Merry Christmas!”
1- С Рождеством Христовым! (S Rozhdestvom Khristovym!)
This phrase is used often during the Christmas season. Christmas in Russia is celebrated with family and many Russians go to church services. Unlike in European countries, Russian Christmas is celebrated on the 7th of January.
COMMENTS
In response, Marina’s friends leave some comments.
1- Желаю всем веселого Рождества! (Zhelayu vsem veselogo Rozhdestva!)
Her husband’s high school friend, Anya, uses an expression meaning - “Wish you a Merry Christmas!”
Anya responds to Marina’s traditional wish with another commonly-used phrase.
2- Вы сегодня пойдете в церковь? (Vy segodnya poydyote v tserkov’?)
Her high school friend, Oksana, uses an expression meaning - “Will you go to church today?”
Oksana is after more information regarding Marina’s plans on Christmas day.
3- Посылаю вашей семье самые теплые пожелания на Рождество. (Posylayu vashey sem’ye samyye tyoplyye pozhelaniya na Rozhdestvo.)
Her supervisor, Ivan Petrovich, uses an expression meaning - “Sending the warmest Christmas wishes to your family.”
This is a warmhearted, sincere wish for Christmas.
4- А мы сегодня собираемся на службу. (A my segodnya sobirayemsya na sluzhbu.)
Her neighbor, Ira, uses an expression meaning - “And we are going to attend church service today.”
Ira shares a bit of personal information regarding her family’s plans for the day.
VOCABULARY
Find below the key vocabulary for this lesson:
If a friend posted something about Christmas greetings, which phrase would you use?
So, the festive season is over! Yet, there will always be other days, besides a birthday, to wish someone well.
25. Post about Your Anniversary in Russian
Some things deserve to be celebrated, like wedding anniversaries. Learn which Russian phrases are meaningful and best suited for this purpose!
Pasha celebrates his wedding anniversary with his wife, posts an image of it, and leaves this comment:
POST
Let’s break down Pasha’s post.
Годовщина свадьбы! (Godovshchina svad’by!)
“Wedding anniversary!”
1- Годовщина (Godovshchina)
First is an expression meaning “anniversary.”
Most married couples like to celebrate their wedding anniversary every year. They go out to dinner, give each other gifts or go on a trip. The gifts often depend on the anniversary. On the silver anniversary, for example, it is common to give silver accessories or presents; on the golden anniversary - gifts made of gold.
2- свадьбы ( svad’by)
Then comes the phrase - “wedding.”
Here, we have the word “свадьба”, or “marriage” in English. This word is in the genitive case.
COMMENTS
In response, Pasha’s friends leave some comments.
1- Как быстро летит время! (Kak bystro letit vremya!)
His wife, Marina, uses an expression meaning - “How time flies!”
Marina comments with a comment that shows surprise.
2- Пусть Бог сохранит надолго ваш брак и ваши чувства! (Pust’ Bog sokhranit nadolgo vash brak i vashi chuvstva!)
His supervisor, Ivan Petrovich, uses an expression meaning - “May God save your marriage and feelings for a long time!”
Ivan wishes them a good, loving marriage.
3- Поздравляю с юбилеем! (Pozdravlyayu s yubileyem!)
His wife’s high school friend, Oksana, uses an expression meaning - “Happy anniversary!”
Oksana uses a traditional, commonly-used expression to wish the couple well on this anniversary.
4- Надеюсь, ваш брак и вправду продлится долго. (Nadeyus’, vash brak i vpravdu prodlitsya dolgo.)
His nephew, Yura, uses an expression meaning - “I hope your marriage will really last long.”
Even Yura is uncommonly sincere and sensitive in his wish for a long marriage.
VOCABULARY
Find below the key vocabulary for this lesson:
If a friend posted something about Anniversary greetings, which phrase would you use?
Conclusion
Learning to speak a new language will always be easier once you know key phrases that everybody uses. These would include commonly used expressions for congratulations and best wishes, etc.
Master these in fun ways with Learn Russian! We offer a variety of tools to individualize your learning experience, including using cell phone apps, audiobooks, iBooks and many more. Never wonder again what to say on social media!
