Dialogue

Vocabulary (Review)

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Lesson Transcript

INTRODUCTION
Jo:Hello everyone and welcome to RussianPod101.com. This is the Upper Beginner Series, season 1, lesson 7: What CAN I eat in Russia? I’m Jo.
Svetlana:And I’m Svetlana. Privet.
Jo:In this lesson we're going to learn modal verbs in Russian, and we will also listen to Elena getting upset because she has to give up her favorite sweets.
Svetlana:The conversation is between Elena and her doctor, and it takes place in the doctor’s office.
Jo:Elena and the doctor will be using relatively formal Russian.
DIALOGUE
Doctor: Вот специально разработанный для вас рацион питания. Вы обязательно должны есть овощи и фрукты, ещё нужно исключить жирное, соленое и сладкое.
Elena: Как же я останусь без десерта?
Doctor: Лучшим десертом станут фрукты. Иногда можно есть горький шоколад и мед.
Elena: Мда, боюсь моё психологическое здоровье пострадает.
Doctor: Vot spetsial 'no razrabotanniy dlya vas ratsion pitaniya. Vy obyazatel 'no dolzhny yest ' ovoschi i frukty, yeschyo nuzhno isklyuchit ' zhirnoye, solyonoye i sladkoye.
Elena: Kak zhe ya ostanus ' bez deserta?
Doctor: Luchshim desertom stanut frukty. Inogda mozhno yest ' gor 'kiy shokolad i myod.
Elena: Mda, boyus ' moyo psihologicheskoye zdorov 'ye postradayet.
Doctor: Here are some nutrition tips specifically for you. You have to eat more fruits and vegetables, and avoid fatty, salty and sweet food.
Elena: So you're saying I cannot have dessert?
Doctor: The best dessert for you would be fruit, and on occasion you can have some bitter chocolate or honey.
Elena: Hmm, I think my mental health is going to suffer.
POST CONVERSATION BANTER
Jo:Elena sounds a bit stressed out about having to give up sweets!
Svetlana:(laughs) Well, who wouldn’t be stressed?
Jo:True. I’ve heard a lot about Russian food and drinks but are there any traditional Russian sweets?
Svetlana:For sure! Russian people really like sweets. Anything that might go with tea will do.
Jo:Like what?
Svetlana:Well, for example, Russian ‘pryaniki’, or “gingerbread” in English, is very popular. Sometimes it is called “honey bread”.
Jo:Oh I think I know of it. There are different types, aren’t there?
Svetlana:Yes, the most famous types of ‘pryaniki’ are made in Tula city. Another popular Russian sweet is Ptichie Moloko. It is a thick marshmallow on sponge cake that’s covered with chocolate.
Jo:Oh, my mouth is watering. It sounds delicious!
VOCAB LIST
Jo: Let's take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. The first word we shall see is...
Svetlana: специальный [natural native speed]
Jo: specific
Svetlana: специальный [slowly - broken down by syllable] специальный [natural native speed]
Jo: Next
Svetlana: разработанный [natural native speed]
Jo: developed
Svetlana: разработанный [slowly - broken down by syllable] разработанный [natural native speed]
Jo: Next
Svetlana: обязательно [natural native speed]
Jo: sure(ly), definitely, certainly
Svetlana: обязательно [slowly - broken down by syllable] обязательно [natural native speed]
Jo: Next
Svetlana: солёное [natural native speed]
Jo: salty food
Svetlana: солёное [slowly - broken down by syllable] солёное [natural native speed]
Jo: Next
Svetlana: жирное [natural native speed]
Jo: fatty food
Svetlana: жирное [slowly - broken down by syllable] жирное [natural native speed]
Jo: Next
Svetlana: сладкое [natural native speed]
Jo: sweet food
Svetlana: сладкое [slowly - broken down by syllable] сладкое [natural native speed]
Jo: Next
Svetlana: исключить [natural native speed]
Jo: to exclude, to avoid
Svetlana: исключить [slowly - broken down by syllable] исключить [natural native speed]
Jo: Next
Svetlana: разрешаться [natural native speed]
Jo: to be allowed
Svetlana: разрешаться [slowly - broken down by syllable] разрешаться [natural native speed]
Jo: And last...
Svetlana: пострадать [natural native speed]
Jo: to suffer
Svetlana: пострадать [slowly - broken down by syllable] пострадать [natural native speed]
KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES
Jo:Let's have a closer look at some of the words and phrases from this lesson.
Svetlana:The first phrase is Исключить солёное.
Jo:“to avoid salty food”.
Svetlana:We used it in this sentence-
Вы обязательно должны есть овощи и фрукты, исключить жирное, соленое и сладкое.
Jo:“You have to eat more fruits and vegetables, and avoid fatty, salty and sweet food.”
Svetlana:The verb Исключить literally means “to exclude” or “to leave out”. The noun солёное is translated as an adjective, which is “salty” in English.
Jo:But in Russian it’s a noun, just like the other two nouns we used in the dialogue.
Svetlana:Yes, жирное and сладкое mean “fatty” and “sweet”, respectively.
Jo:Ok. Let’s move to our next key word.
Svetlana:Next up is the verb разрешаться.
Jo:“to be allowed” or “to be permitted”. Which sentence did we use it in?
Svetlana:Иногда разрешается есть горький шоколад и мед.
Jo:“On occasion you can have some bitter chocolate or honey.” or more literally “you are allowed to have bitter chocolate or honey”.
Svetlana: In this sentence the verb разрешаться, meaning “to be
allowed”, is used with the verb есть in the infinitive form. For example - Здесь не разрешается курить.
Jo:“You are not allowed to smoke here”. Okay, what is the last key word?
Svetlana:It is the verb пострадать.
Jo:“to suffer”, from the sentence “Hmm, I think my mental health is going to suffer.”
Svetlana:Мда, боюсь моё психологическое здоровье пострадает. The verb пострадать is derived from the verb страдать.
Jo:What is the difference between those two verbs?
Svetlana:Well, the main difference is the prefix по - . It gives the verb страдать a meaning of completion. Let’s compare two examples -
Она всю жизнь страдала из-за плохого зрения.
Jo:“She has been suffering her whole life because of her poor eyesight.”
Svetlana:and Они пострадали в аварии.
Jo:“They got into a car accident”.
Svetlana:The verb страдать indicates the process of suffering while the verb пострадать indicates negative consequences of some action.
Jo:I see how it works. Okay now, let’s move on to the grammar.
GRAMMAR POINT
Svetlana:In this lesson, you’ll learn how to use three modal verbs - Должен, Можно and Нужно.
Jo:Let’s take a closer look at each of them. The first one is a verb which means “have to” or “must”. It is used when you want to strongly give advice, a recommendation, or a command, as in our dialogue.
Svetlana:Вы обязательно должны есть овощи и фрукты, ещё нужно исключить жирное, соленое и сладкое.
Jo:"You have to eat more fruits and vegetables, and avoid fatty, salty and sweet food." This verb is always used with another verb in its infinitive form. For example:
Svetlana:Он должен заплатить за ужин.
Jo:“He must pay for dinner.”
Svetlana:This verb also has another meaning.
Jo:What’s that?
Svetlana:“to owe”. For example -
Он должен мне большую сумму денег
Jo:“He owes me a huge amount of money”
Okay, Let’s move on to the next verb.
Svetlana:The next modal verb is Можно.
Jo:“can”, “could”, or “may”. It is mostly used to ask for permission, and it will always be followed by an infinitive.
Svetlana:Right. For example -
Можно мне взять кусочек торта?
Jo:“Can I have a piece of cake?”
Which sentence from the dialogue uses this verb?
Svetlana:На десерт можно фрукты.
Jo:“The best dessert for you would be fruit.” Okay, and what is the last modal verb for this lesson?
Svetlana:It is Нужно.
Jo:“to need” or “to be necessary”. This verb \will also always be used with infinitives. For example-
Svetlana:Нужно чистить зубы два раза в день.
Jo:“You should brush your teeth twice a day.” And can you remind us where in the dialogue this modal verb was used?
Svetlana:Sure. It was “Вы обязательно должны есть овощи и фрукты, ещё нужно исключить жирное, соленое и сладкое.”
Jo:"You have to eat more fruits and vegetables, and avoid fatty, salty and sweet food."
MARKETING PIECE
Svetlana:Listeners, do you know the secret to rapid progress?
Jo:Use all of the materials at your disposal.
Svetlana:Lesson notes are an important part of this program.
Jo:They include a transcript and a translation of the conversation...
Svetlana:...key lesson vocabulary...
Jo:and detailed grammar explanations.
Svetlana:Lesson notes accompany every audio or video lesson.
Jo:Visit the website and feel free to print them out.
Svetlana:Using the lesson notes with the audio and video media will rapidly increase your progress.
Jo:To download the notes for this lesson go to RussianPod101.com.

Outro

Jo:Okay, that’s it for this lesson. Thanks for listening, everyone.
Svetlana:Pokapoka.

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