Learn about alternations in conjunctions
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Yuriy: Hello and welcome back to RussianPod101.com. This is Lower Intermediate, season 2, lesson 19 -How do you spend your leisure time in Russia? I’m Yuriy. |
| Elena: А я Елена. Привет. I’m Elena. |
| Yuriy: In this lesson, you’ll learn about alternations in verb conjugation. |
| Elena: This conversation takes place in the street and is between Ben and Nika. |
| Yuriy: The speakers are friends, so they’ll be using informal Russian. Okay! Let’s listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| Бен: Ника! Привет! Ты откуда идёшь? |
| Ника: Привет! Рада тебя видеть. Я возвращаюсь с тренировки. |
| Бен: А, точно! Ты же занимаешься плаванием в свободное время. |
| Ника: Нет, плавание я давно бросила. Я уже как три года занимаюсь конным спортом. |
| Бен: И тебе не страшно? А вдруг упадешь с лошади…. |
| Ника: Нет, совсем не страшно. Ты же знаешь, я очень люблю лошадей. И лошадь чувствует, когда человек боится, поэтому бояться нельзя ни в коем случае. Главное, быть уверенным в себе. |
| Бен: Здорово. Может и мне попробовать? |
| Yuriy: Now let’s hear it with the English translation. |
| Бен: Ника! Привет! Ты откуда идёшь? |
| Yuriy: Nika! Hi! Where are you coming from? |
| Ника: Привет! Рада тебя видеть. Я возвращаюсь с тренировки. |
| Yuriy: Hi! I’m glad to see you. I’m returning from training. |
| Бен: А, точно! Ты же занимаешься плаванием в свободное время. |
| Yuriy: Oh, right! You swim in your free time. |
| Ника: Нет, плавание я давно бросила. Я уже как три года занимаюсь конным спортом. |
| Yuriy: No, I gave up swimming a long time ago. I’ve been horseback riding for three years. |
| Бен: И тебе не страшно? А вдруг упадешь с лошади…. |
| Yuriy: Aren't you afraid? What if you fall off the horse .... |
| Ника: Нет, совсем не страшно. Ты же знаешь, я очень люблю лошадей. И лошадь чувствует, когда человек боится, поэтому бояться нельзя ни в коем случае. Главное, быть уверенным в себе. |
| Yuriy: No, I’m not afraid at all. You know, I love horses. And the horse feels when a man is afraid, so you shouldn’t be afraid in any case. The main thing is to be confident. |
| Бен: Здорово. Может и мне попробовать? |
| Yuriy: Cool! Maybe I could also try... |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Yuriy: Elena, how do Russians prefer to spend their leisure time? |
| Elena: Well, of course it depends on the person. But according to the statistics, watching TV at home is the undisputed leader among all other kinds of activities! |
| Yuriy: Really? I was sure Russians preferred to spend their free time with friends and relatives. |
| Elena: Well, that took second place. Even now the value of family and friendship in Russian society is really high. |
| Yuriy: That’s good. Okay, now let’s move on to the vocab. |
| Vocab list |
| Yuriy: Let's take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. |
| : The first word we shall see is: |
| Elena: плавание [natural native speed] |
| Yuriy: swimming |
| Elena: плавание [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Elena: плавание [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Elena: тренировка [natural native speed] |
| Yuriy: training |
| Elena: тренировка [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Elena: тренировка [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Elena: конный спорт [natural native speed] |
| Yuriy: horseback riding |
| Elena: конный спорт [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Elena: конный спорт [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Elena: заниматься [natural native speed] |
| Yuriy: to be engaged in |
| Elena: заниматься [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Elena: заниматься [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Elena: быть уверенным [natural native speed] |
| Yuriy: to be sure, to be confident |
| Elena: быть уверенным [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Elena: быть уверенным [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Elena: бояться [natural native speed] |
| Yuriy: to be afraid of, to fear |
| Elena: бояться [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Elena: бояться [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Elena: ни в коем случае [natural native speed] |
| Yuriy: by no means, in no case |
| Elena: ни в коем случае [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Elena: ни в коем случае [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Elena: бросить [natural native speed] |
| Yuriy: to throw, to quit, to give up |
| Elena: бросить [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Elena: бросить [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Elena: возвращаться [natural native speed] |
| Yuriy: to return |
| Elena: возвращаться [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Elena: возвращаться [natural native speed] |
| : And Last: |
| Elena: лошадь [natural native speed] |
| Yuriy: horse |
| Elena: лошадь [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Elena: лошадь [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Yuriy: Let’s take a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. First up in this lesson is... |
| Elena: “быть уверенным” which can be translated as “to be sure,” and is a short version of the adjective “уверенный,” which means “confident” or “sure.” |
| Yuriy: The adjective “уверенный” is used when we talk about a person who is confident in himself and his abilities. It is also used when we say someone is convinced or that they strongly believe in something. |
| Elena: The masculine is - уверен, and the Feminine is - уверена |
| Yuriy: Elena, what are some examples? |
| Elena: Я уверен в себе. |
| Yuriy: “I am confident.” |
| Elena: Мне нравятся люди решительные и уверенные в себе. |
| Yuriy: “I like decisive and confident people.” Ok, what’s the next word? |
| Elena: The next word for this lesson is the verb “бросить,” which has three main meanings. |
| Yuriy: The first meaning of this verb is “to give up,” “to desist from,” or “to stop”. For example... |
| Elena: Я хочу бросить курить. |
| Yuriy: “I want to give up smoking.” |
| Elena: Он бросил свои научные исследования и переехал жить в деревню. |
| Yuriy: “He gave up his scientific research and moved to live in the village.” The next meaning is “to leave someone.” For example... |
| Elena: Он бросил свою семью и ушел жить к другой. |
| Yuriy: “He left his family and went to live with another woman.” |
| Elena: Я никогда не брошу друзей в беде. |
| Yuriy: “I'll never leave friends in trouble.” And the last meaning is “to throw.” For example... |
| Elena: бросать камень |
| Yuriy: “to throw a stone.” Ok, now onto the grammar. |
| GRAMMAR POINT |
| Yuriy: In this lesson, you’ll learn about alternations in verb conjugation. As you may have noticed, a number of verbs have consonant alternations in their conjugation. In this lesson, you will find out about the main rules of such alternations. |
| Elena: As you know, Russian verbs have a stem, which consists of a prefix, root and suffix. For example, the verb “читать” meaning “to read” has the root “чит,” and the verb “писать” meaning “to write” has the root “пис.” |
| Yuriy: The rules of alternation depend on the final consonant of a verb’s stem and its conjugation group. Here is a rule. If a final stem consonant is г, д or з it will change to ж. For example… |
| Elena: резать, meaning “to cut,” will become - режу |
| Yuriy: т, ст and ск will change to щ |
| Elena: For example, чистить , meaning “to clean,” will become - чищу |
| Yuriy: с, х will change to ш. For example... |
| Elena: писать, meaning “to write,” becomes пишу. |
| Yuriy: Listeners, if a verb belongs to a First Conjugation ending in [-ать], the alternation occurs in all persons of the present tense. Elena, let’s give an example of this conjugation. |
| Elena: Ok, let’s take the verb писать meaning “to write.” |
| Yuriy: the conjugation will be… |
| Elena: Я - пишу |
| Ты - пишешь |
| Он , она , оно - пишет |
| Мы - пишем |
| Вы - пишете |
| Они - пишут |
| Yuriy: If a verb belongs to the Second Conjugation ending in [-ить], the alternation occurs only in 1st person, singular, present tense. |
| Elena: Let’s take the verb чистить, “to clean.” |
| Yuriy: As you know now, [ст] will change to [щ]. Because this verb belongs to the Second Conjugation ending in [-ить] the alternation occurs only in 1st person, singular. For example... |
| Elena: |
| Я - чищу |
| Ты - чистишь |
| Он , она , оно - чистит |
| Мы - чистим |
| Вы - чистите |
| Они - чистят |
| Yuriy: There are even more important rules outlined in the lesson notes, so be sure to check them out. |
Outro |
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| Yuriy: Okay, that brings us to the end of this lesson! |
| Elena: Спасибо, что были с нами. |
| Yuriy: See you next time. Bye everyone! |
| Elena: До скорой встречи! |
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